The interfacial structure underpinning the Al-Ga liquid metal embrittlement: disorder vs. order gradients

Effect of Al Bronze Interlayer on Liquid–Solid Compound Interface of Sn Bronze/Steel

“…The strong bonding strength of the Al bronze/steel interface and the suppression of LME cracks are attributed to Al segregation. According to Ni–Bi [ 33 ] and Al–Ga [ 34 ] classical embrittlement systems, the superstructures with multiple layer adsorption (≥2 layers) induced by solute atoms segregation usually occur at general grain boundaries, which could lead to interfacial decohesion and metal embrittlement. Al can effectively suppress LME cracks in copper‐steel system for the following reasons.…”

Intergranular precipitation-enhanced wetting and phase transformation in an Al0.4CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy exposed to lead-bismuth eutectic

“…The energy difference between γ gb and (γ 1 sl + γ 2 sl ), defines the driving force and kinetics for GB wetting. Typical GB wetting cases include Al/Ga [26,27], Cu/Bi [28,29], Ni/Bi [30,31], Mo/Ni [32], steels/Zn [33][34][35][36], etc. Obviously, the Al 0.4 CoCrFeNi/LBE system is a new one, in which liquid metal wetting occurs at the FCC/BCC IBs (i.e., γ 1 sl + γ 2 sl ≤ γ IB , where γ IB is the interfacial energy of FCC/BCC IBs).…”

Computing grain boundary “phase” diagrams

“…complexions) at GBs are of broad importance to materials science. The discovery of interfacial phase-like behaviors provided new insights into the understandings of a spectrum of long-standing scientific mysteries, for example, origins and atomic mechanisms of activated sintering of ceramics and refractory metals, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] liquid metal embrittlement of Ni-Bi and Al-Ga [52,53,[63][64][65] as well as the classical GB embrittlement of Bi versus S-doped Ni (Figure 2), [52][53][54] and abnormal grain growth in Al 2 O 3 and Ni-S. [54,56,57] IGFs and other GB complexions are also known to affect the toughness, strength, fatigue, and wear resistance of Si 3 N 4 , SiC, and Al 2 O 3 and other ceramics, [9,23,24,27,44,66,67] the hot strength and creep and oxidation resistance of various structural ceramics, [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76] superplasticity of zirconia, [77] grain growth and mechanical properties of WC-based cermets, [55,[78][79][80] the stability and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline alloys, [81][82]…”

“…complexions) at GBs are of broad importance to materials science. The discovery of interfacial phase‐like behaviors provided new insights into the understandings of a spectrum of long‐standing scientific mysteries, for example, origins and atomic mechanisms of activated sintering of ceramics and refractory metals, [ 5–11 ] liquid metal embrittlement of Ni–Bi and Al–Ga [ 52,53,63–65 ] as well as the classical GB embrittlement of Bi versus S‐doped Ni (Figure 2), [ 52–54 ] and abnormal grain growth in Al 2 O 3 and Ni–S. [ 54,56,57 ] IGFs and other GB complexions are also known to affect the toughness, strength, fatigue, and wear resistance of Si 3 N 4 , SiC, and Al 2 O 3 and other ceramics, [ 9,23,24,27,44,66,67 ] the hot strength and creep and oxidation resistance of various structural ceramics, [ 68–76 ] superplasticity of zirconia, [ 77 ] grain growth and mechanical properties of WC‐based cermets, [ 55,78–80 ] the stability and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline alloys, [ 81–91 ] corrosion of synroc, [ 92 ] the electrical resistance of ruthenate thick‐film resistors, [ 93 ] the coercivity of Nd–Fe–B magnets, [ 94 ] the nonlinear I–V character of ZnO‐based varistors, [ 1,42,43 ] the critical current of YBCO superconductors, [ 95 ] the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes, [ 96–98 ] and performance of various battery electrode materials, [ 99–102 ] amongst other structural and functional properties.…”