The intermediate cells of Lugaro in the cerebellar cortex of the monkey

Fox, Clement A.

doi:10.1002/cne.901120108

Cited by 63 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Secondary dendritic processes and a profusion of varicose axon collaterals extended deeply into the granular layer, while a few axon collaterals branched among the Purkinje cells. These neurons are morphologically similar to those known as the cells of Lugaro (Fox 1959). No ANP-LIR was observed in neuronal perikarya or processes associated with the deep cerebellar nuclei.…”

Section: Neuronssupporting

confidence: 62%

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide-like Immunoreactivity in Neurons and Astrocytes of Human Cerebellum and Inferior Olivary Complex

McKenzie

Juan

Thomas

et al. 2001

J Histochem Cytochem.

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S U M M A R Y Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has previously been localized in areas of mammalian brain associated with olfaction, cardiovascular function, and fluid/electrolyte homeostasis. Despite the presence of several types of natriuretic peptide receptors in mammalian cerebellum, neither intrinsic nor extrinsic sources of the natriuretic peptides have been described. In this report we describe the immunohistochemical localization of both intrinsic and extrinsic sources for ANP in human cerebellum. ANP-like immunoreactivity (ANP-LIR) was observed in climbing fibers in the cerebellar molecular layer that probably originated from isolated immunopositive neurons of the inferior olivary complex. Intrinsic sources of ANP-LIR included small subpopulations of protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes and Bergmann glia, as well as Golgi and Lugaro neurons of the granule cell layer. These results suggest that, in addition to its presumptive roles in local vasoregulation, ANP may serve as a modulator of the activity of Purkinje neurons.

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Section: Neuronssupporting

confidence: 62%

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide-like Immunoreactivity in Neurons and Astrocytes of Human Cerebellum and Inferior Olivary Complex

McKenzie

Juan

Thomas

et al. 2001

J Histochem Cytochem.

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“…The myelination of this plexus and the large diameter of its fibers would allow a fast action potential conduction, suggesting that a precise timing of the Lugaro cell inhibition is important for cerebellar function. In adult animals, the Lugaro cell transverse axons can be very long: 2 mm in the cat (Lugaro, 1894) and at least 1.4 mm in the baboon (Fox, 1959). Our observations indicate that their length in rat is also in the millimeter range.…”

Section: Organization Of the Golgi Cell-lugaro Cell Connectionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Our observations indicate that their length in rat is also in the millimeter range. A more precise value of 2 mm (half the length of the parallel fibers) can be taken from Pichitpornchai et al (1994), who found a small subpopulation of thick fibers running parallel to the parallel fibers in the lower third of the molecular layer and emitting short lateral branches, as reported by Fox (1959) for Lugaro cell axons.…”

Section: Organization Of the Golgi Cell-lugaro Cell Connectionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…5A). It is commonly accepted that the Lugaro cell has a parasagittally oriented thin varicose axon (Lugaro, 1894;Ramón y Cajal, 1911;Fox, 1959;Palay and Chan-Palay, 1974;Lainé and Axelrad, 1996). This axon originates from the cell body, and although it may run for some distance in the granular layer, it always ascends back to the molecular layer (Lainé and Axelrad, 1996) where it makes synaptic contacts (Lainé and Axelrad, 1998).…”

Section: Organization Of the Lugaro Cell Axonal Plexusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors have also proposed that Lugaro cells have a transverse axonal plexus in the form of thick axonal branches that extend in the axis of the folia, parallel to the parallel fibers (Lugaro, 1894;Fox, 1959;Lainé and Axelrad, 1996). The infrequent staining of these branches in Golgi preparations has cast a doubt on their morphological relevance.…”

Section: Organization Of the Lugaro Cell Axonal Plexusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serotonin-Driven Long-Range Inhibitory Connections in the Cerebellar Cortex

2000

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Disturbances of the serotoninergic neuromodulation in the cerebellar cortex have been involved in several types of ataxia, but the physiological action of serotonin in this structure remains poorly understood. We report that in slices of the rat cerebellar vermis, serotonin triggers the firing of an inhibitory interneuron presynaptic to Golgi cells. The Lugaro cell, a neglected interneuronal type, satisfies the expected criteria for this input, whereas basket cells, stellate cells, or Golgi cells do not. Lugaro cells are selectively excited by serotonin, and their firing behavior (sustained steady frequency in the 5-15 Hz range) resembles the pattern of occurrence of serotonin-evoked IPSCs in Golgi cells. Immunohistochemical stainings and single cell reconstructions show that Lugaro cell axons form a parasagittal plexus but also extend long transverse branches that run parallel to the parallel fibers and are partly myelinated. Electrophysiological data suggest that these transverse axons participate in synaptic contacts of the Lugaro cells with Golgi cells, and we calculated that in the intact cerebellum a given Lugaro cell contacts Ͼ100 Golgi cells. Serotonin modulation of Lugaro cells may constitute an intracortical switch involved in information patterning at the level of Golgi cells and granule cells populations, and particularly in synchronizations recorded along the transverse axis in vivo.

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Morphology of the Golgi-impregnated lugaro cell in the rat cerebellar cortex: A reappraisal with a description of its axon

Lainé

Axelrad

1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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We present a detailed description of the somatodendritic and axonal features of the Golgi-impregnated Lugaro cell in the rat cerebellar cortex. This neuron, present throughout the cerebellum, is characterized by a fusiform cell body located at the border between the granular and Purkinje cell layers, horizontal bipolar dendrites extending in the parasagittal plane and an axon projecting exclusively to the molecular and granular layers. A quantitative analysis of 77 Lugaro cells confirms the somatodendritic homogeneity of this cell type. Computer reconstructions showed that the bipolar dendrites spread like an horizontal X centered by the cell body, implying that Lugaro cells are arranged in a flat lattice just beneath the Purkinje cell layer. Fifty-seven Lugaro cells with sufficiently impregnated axons displayed a common pattern of organization with, nevertheless, a certain variability of the axonal trajectory. Some axons projected directly into the molecular layer with a profuse plexus spreading just above the parent cell. Other axons first traveled downwards into the granular layer, sometimes even reaching and passing into the white matter. They always hooked back to reascend through the granular layer and also finally terminate in the molecular layer, near and sometimes at a distance from the parent cell. In a few samples, one or two remote axon collaterals were seen to extend longitudinally in the lower molecular layer for a few hundred microns, in the same direction as the parallel fibers. In all cases a few collaterals projected into the granular layer. In view of its dense afferentation by Purkinje cell recurrent collaterals and its profuse inhibitory projection in the molecular layer, the Lugaro cell could act as a feedback interneuron on the corticocerebellar output.

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The intermediate cells of Lugaro in the cerebellar cortex of the monkey

Cited by 63 publications

References 2 publications

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide-like Immunoreactivity in Neurons and Astrocytes of Human Cerebellum and Inferior Olivary Complex

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide-like Immunoreactivity in Neurons and Astrocytes of Human Cerebellum and Inferior Olivary Complex

Serotonin-Driven Long-Range Inhibitory Connections in the Cerebellar Cortex

Morphology of the Golgi-impregnated lugaro cell in the rat cerebellar cortex: A reappraisal with a description of its axon

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