The Internal Burden of Lead among Children in a Smelter Town—A Small Area Analysis

Trepka, Mary Jo; Heinrich, Joachim; Krause, Christian; Schulz, Christine; Lippold, Ulrich; Meyer, Eckart; Wichmann, H‐Erich

doi:10.1006/enrs.1996.3720

Cited by 53 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Spatial dispersal of lead into the area surrounding boat repair yards was indicated by the elevated SLLR in houses closer to a boatyard. A similar pattern was previously reported in a cross-sectional study in which static measurements of dust lead content were made in the homes of randomly selected schoolchildren living in the vicinity of a boat repair yard 7) and a similar falloff in household lead levels with distance has been described in areas surrounding lead smelters 18,20,21) . Particularly strong evidence for the effect of spatial dispersal by non-anthropogenic means is provided in the current study by the closely similar effects of distance on time-averaged lead deposition rates in all three categories of household.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Relative Contribution of Potential Modes of Surface Dust Lead Contamination in the Homes of Boatyard Caulkers

Untimanon¹,

Geater

Chongsuvivatwong

et al. 2012

Journal of Occupational Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Relative Contribution of Potential Modes of Surface Dust Lead Contamination in the Homes of Boatyard Caulkers: Orrapan UNTIMANON, et al. Bureau of Occupational and EnvironmentalDiseases, Ministry of Public Health, ThailandObjectives: The aim of this study was to quantify the relative contributions to surface lead contamination of boat-caulkers' houses of three contamination modes, namely "take-home" lead from the caulker, "natural" spatial dispersal from boatyard to household and "redistribution" of accumulated lead-laden dust within the house. Methods: Boat-caulkers' houses situated in areas surrounding boat repair yards were recruited. Caulkers' houses that were located close together were divided into location-matched pairs, within which one was randomly assigned to be given a cleaning and designated a CL house, and the other was to be left uncleaned and designated a NCL house. Geographically isolated caulker's houses were randomly assigned to one of the two categories. The nearest non-boatyard worker's house (NB) was additionally recruited for each set. The surface lead loading rate (SLLR), defined as the mass of lead deposited in dust per unit area of surface per unit time, was measured over a period of 3 mo in all houses, and the data were modeled using linear mixed effects regression. Results: Adjusted values of SLLR differed only slightly between CL and NCL houses (0.96 to 1.02 times) but were between 1.65 and 2.03 times higher in CL and NCL houses than in NB houses depending on proximity to the boatyard and between 2.12 and 2.61 times higher in houses within one km of a boatyard than in more distant houses depending on category of house. Conclusions: Newly deposited dust lead likely resulted from the take-home and spatial dispersion modes. The contribution of

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Relative Contribution of Potential Modes of Surface Dust Lead Contamination in the Homes of Boatyard Caulkers

Untimanon¹,

Geater

Chongsuvivatwong

et al. 2012

Journal of Occupational Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The geometric mean values published recently in different countries imply that in women and children the Pb-B levels are approaching the range of 10-30 µg/l considered as "baseline" of minimal anthropogenic origin [41][42][43][44][45] .…”

Section: Leadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Monitoring of Exposure: Trends and Key Developments

Jakubowski

Trzcinka-Ochocka

2005

Journal of Occupational Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the United States it belongs rather to the field of occupational hygiene. It seems that both the approaches can be accepted. More attention should be paid to the development of the truly health-based biomarkers of exposure based on the dose-effect and dose-response relationships. New areas of application of BM of occupational exposure include determination of DNA and protein adducts, unchanged volatile organic compounds in urine, monitoring of exposure to pesticides, antineoplastic drugs, hard metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In the general environment BM is the most valuable tool for acquiring knowledge of current levels of internal exposure to xenobiotics, identifying the hot spots and developments in trends of exposure. BM can provide policy makers with more accurate information on the control measures undertaken. At present, the main areas include heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants and pesticides. BM of chemical exposure has become increasingly important in the assessment of the health risk in occupational and environmental medicine. Therefore it would be worthwhile to include BM in the curricula for the training of occupational hygienists. (J Occup Health 2005; 47: 22-48)

show abstract

“…These include such settings and construction workers 18) and electric-cable factory workers in the United States 19) , and lead-zinc-copper mine workers 20) and lead factory workers in Australia 21) . Furthermore, a close relationship between household dust lead and children's blood lead content had been reported in many studies 20,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . Although our study did not measure blood lead levels, other studies in children and in adults have provided evidence that hand lead loadings are correlated with blood lead levels 29,30) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Skin Lead Contamination of Family Members of Boat-caulkers in Southern Thailand

Untimanon¹,

Geater

Chongsuvivatwong

et al. 2011

INDUSTRIAL HEALTH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Powdered lead oxide (Pb 3 O 4 ) is used in the wooden-boat repair industry as a constituent of the caulking material. This study compared skin lead of household members of caulkers' and control homes, and examined the relationship of household member's skin lead with household floor lead loading (FLL) and dust lead content (DLC). FLL and DLC were measured in 67 caulkers' houses and 46 nearby houses with no known lead exposure. In each household, wipe specimens of skin lead were obtained from one selected family member. Hand lead loading (HdLL) and foot lead loading (FtLL) were significantly higher in family members of caulkers than controls (geometric mean 64.4 vs. 36.2 μ g m -2 ; p=0.002 and 77.8 vs 43.8 μ g m -2 ; p=0.002, respectively). This pattern mirrored FLL and DLC, which were also higher in caulkers' than in control houses (geometric mean 109.9 vs. 40.1 μ g m -2 ; p<0.001 and 434.8 vs 80.8 μ g g -1 ; p<0.001, respectively). Multiple linear regression modelling revealed FLL to be a better predictor than DLC for HdLL in all age groups and for FtLL in adult family members. In conclusion, skin lead levels are elevated in family members living in a lead-exposed worker's house and are related to the levels of household lead contamination.

show abstract

The Internal Burden of Lead among Children in a Smelter Town—A Small Area Analysis

Cited by 53 publications

References 37 publications

Relative Contribution of Potential Modes of Surface Dust Lead Contamination in the Homes of Boatyard Caulkers

Relative Contribution of Potential Modes of Surface Dust Lead Contamination in the Homes of Boatyard Caulkers

Biological Monitoring of Exposure: Trends and Key Developments

Skin Lead Contamination of Family Members of Boat-caulkers in Southern Thailand

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About