The internal microflora of wheat grains in Western Australia

Shipton, W. A.; Chambers, S C

doi:10.1071/ea9660432

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In contrast to the present study Shipton [27] found a rather high incidence of Cladosporium spp. in surface sterilized wheat grains but seed germination was not impaired by these fungi.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 83%

Mold spectrum of four cereal brands of the German crop 1995

Weidenbörner

Berleth²,

Krämer³

et al. 1997

Nahrung

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The concentration of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) of 80 cereal grain samples of the German harvest 1995 was investigated. In addition to this, the total as well as the inherent mycoflora of two winter wheat and two winter rye brands which showed the highest EPS-concentration was detected on maltsalt agar (NaCl 5%). Surface disinfection with 1% NaOCl for the determination of the internal mycoflora caused a significant reduction in number and kind of fungi. However, the mycoflora of all samples was dominated by fungi of the genera Alternaria spp. and Cladosporium spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Fusarium spp. and Epicoccum purpurascens (in decreasing order) occurred to a minor extent. A possible contamination of the cereal grains with mycotoxins of Alternaria and Cladosporium is discussed.

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“…In contrast to the present study Shipton [27] found a rather high incidence of Cladosporium spp. in surface sterilized wheat grains but seed germination was not impaired by these fungi.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 83%

Mold spectrum of four cereal brands of the German crop 1995

Weidenbörner

Berleth²,

Krämer³

et al. 1997

Nahrung

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“…These results concur with Berghofer et al (2003) who detected Aureobasidium, Alternaria and Fusarium in Australian wheat. A similar study by Shipton and Chambers (1966) found Cladosporium, Rhizopus spp., Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp., Stemplium spp., and Ulocladium spp., associated with Western Australian wheat. In similar studies in Mediterranean environments Cladosporiumand Rhizopus species were isolated from wheat in Argentinia (González et al 1999), Aspergillus (mainly A. flavus, A. niger and A. versicolour) from wheat in Algeria (Riba et al 2008) and Cladosporium spp., Alternaria spp., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Fungal contaminants of stored wheat vary between Australian states

Barkat

Hardy

Ren

et al. 2016

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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A survey was undertaken to determine the mycoflora associated with stored wheat in four states across Australia including Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales. A total of 482 fungal isolates from 15 genera were isolated. The most common genera isolated were Alternaria spp., Aspergillus sp., Aureobasidium sp., Cladosporium spp., Drechslera sp., Fusariu m spp., Mucor sp., Nigrospora sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Stemphylium sp., Eutiarosporella sp p., Ulocladium sp., Epicoccum sp., and an undescribed genus from the Hypocreales. Diversity profiling also identified fungi that were not isolated using traditional methods including Paecilomyces spp., Dendryphiella and Cryptococcus. The results indicate that the mycoflora of stored wheat varies between Australian grain growing regions, and that diversity profiling analysis identifies different fungal contaminants compared to traditional methods. This study also revealed that some pathogens of high risk to humans (e.g. Cryptococcus) may occur with a high frequency in wheat.

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“…Previous research also reported Altemaria spp. and C. sativus being present in symptomless wheat kernels (Agrawal et al, 1987;Conner and Kuzyk, 1988a;Cromey and Mulholland, 1988;Fernandez et al, 1994;Klein, 1987;Maloy and Specht, 1988;Rees et al, 1984;Shipton and Chambers, 1966). For germination, there was no difference among treatments, except for kernels from the CS treatment, which had a lower mean percentage germination than the other treatments, including ALT, regardless of whether the kernels were discolored or symptomless (Table 4).…”

Section: Fungal Isolations and Germination Of Discolored And Symptomlmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Fungal inoculum was prepared by growing each isolate on potato dextrose agar. After incubating associated with fungal infection in common wheat (Ellis et al, 1996;Kaan et al, 1995;Shipton and Chambers, 1966). Walker et al (2008) suggested that environmental conditions at grain fi ll might be linked to the associated enzymatic browning process and BP formation in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).…”

Section: Humidity and Fungal Treatments Under Two Temperature Regimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sim ple correlations between mean kernel weight and percentage of kernels in discoloration categories, for two durum wheat genotypes in two fungal inoculation treatments under two temperature regimes. being present in symptomless wheat kernels (Agrawal et al, 1987;Conner and Kuzyk, 1988a;Cromey and Mulholland, 1988;Fernandez et al, 1994;Klein, 1987;Maloy and Specht, 1988;Rees et al, 1984;Shipton and Chambers, 1966).…”

Section: Fungal Isolations and Germination Of Discolored And Symptomlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on Dark Discoloration of Durum Wheat Kernels

et al. 2011

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Black point (BP, disooloration restricted to the germ end of cereal seed) and dark smudge (DS, discoloration mostly along the crease) are believed to be caused by fungal infection in grain exposed to high humidity, although it has also been reported that BP might result from abiotic stresses causing physiological changes in grain. The objective of this growthchamber study was to determine the effects of abiotic (temperature and high humidity) and biotic (infection by Cochliobolus sativus [Ito and Kurib.] Drechs. ex Dast. (anamorph Bipolaris sorokiniana [Sacc] Shoemaker); or Alternarla alternats [Fr.] Keissl.) factors on the development of BP and DS in durum wheat {Triticum turgldum L. ssp. durum [Desf.] Husn.). Five treatments under two temperature regimes (Low T, 17°C day and 12°C night; or High T, 26°C day and 18°C night) were conducted: inoculation with A. alternata or C. sativus at mid-milk with 30-h incubation at 100% humidity; one exposure to 100% humidity at mid-milk (HUMo); multiple exposures to 100% humidity from heading to maturity (HUMm); and no exposure to 100% humidity or fungal inoculum (DRY). Kernels were evaluated for incidence and extent of discoloration. The highest incidences of discoloration occurred in the C. sativus treatment, followed by the A. alternata treatment, with HUMm producing low incidences, and HUMo and DRY only occasional discoloration. In general. High T favored BP and Low T favored DS. In the C. sativus treatment. Low T also favored extent of discoloration. Whether fungal infection was promoted or unhindered by a primary effect of high humidity on the physiology of the kernel and its defenses could not be determined given that exposure to high humidity is a requirement for fungal infection.

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The internal microflora of wheat grains in Western Australia

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Mold spectrum of four cereal brands of the German crop 1995

Mold spectrum of four cereal brands of the German crop 1995

Fungal contaminants of stored wheat vary between Australian states

Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on Dark Discoloration of Durum Wheat Kernels

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