The Internal Nitrogen Requirement of Sugarcane

Stanford, George; Ayres, A. S.

doi:10.1097/00010694-196411000-00011

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…These values are higher than those achieved in the Kunia 1991-1993 experiment (Table 3). Furthermore, if it is assumed that the fraction of millable stalk in the aboveground biomass is 0.70 for H109 in the Makiki 1933-1935 experiment, then the recorded millable stalk biomass at 18 rna of 10 684 g m-2 , is equivalent to an aboveground biomass of 15 263 g m-2 , similar to that reported by Stanford and Ayres (1964). Hence, there is no indication that older cultivars are less productive than current cultivars.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…If it is assumed at the high levels of biomass production in the Australian experiments that the stalk comprised 0.70 of the true aboveground biomass, then the biomass values shown in Table 3 are underestimated by about 15%. Stanford and Ayres (1964) estimated the weight of trash as the product of the number of nodes below the green-leaf portion and the average weight of the uppermost attached dead leaf, and recorded maximum aboveground biomass (averaged for four locations) of 14 300 and 15 288 g m-2 for cultivars H50-7209 and H49-3533, respectively, at 24 mo. These values are higher than those achieved in the Kunia 1991-1993 experiment (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Yield Accumulation in Irrigated Sugarcane: I. Effect of Crop Age and Cultivar

et al. 1997

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Because the duration of growth for commercial sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) production can vary from 9 to 36 mo, determining the optimum age at crop harvest is important to profitability. To account for variable climate across seasons and locations, there is a need to understand the physiology of yield accumulation and quantitatively describe the effects of crop age on productivity. Few field studies have been conducted to determine the factors responsible for yield variation in different cultivars of sugarcane at different crop ages, and the physiology of yield accumulation has rarely been examined on a dry matter basis with all yield components, including tops, millable stalk, trash, and roots. This paper compares above‐ and belowground biomass accumulation with crop age in two current cultivars grown in field experiments under drip irrigation in Hawaii from 1991 to 1993, and reanalyzes earlier experiments conducted in Hawaii in the 1930s and 1940s to examine historical changes in the pattern of yield accumulation in sugarcane. The key findings from this analysis are that (i) differences in yield accumulation during the first 12 mo of growth were not necessarily reflected in final yields at harvest at 18 to 24 mo; (ii) yield accumulation was less efficient in the second year of growth for current cultivars, but not necessarily so for older cultivars; (iii) belowground biomass decreased from 17% of total biomass at 6 mo to 11% of total biomass from 12 to 24 mo; (iv) there was no indication that older cultivars were less productive than current cultivars; and (v) yields rarely increased beyond 18 mo of age.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield Accumulation in Irrigated Sugarcane: I. Effect of Crop Age and Cultivar

et al. 1997

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“…Although the CNDC determined in this study efficiently estimated the critical N concentrations for maximum biomass production during the plant cane and first ratoon cycles, a more detailed validation using data from other sugarcane varieties developing under other climatic conditions, different N-management practices, and N availabilities is required to more robustly verify the reliability of both equations (Stanford and Ayres, 1964).…”

Section: Validation Of the Critical N Dilution Curvementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CNDC value may be useful for establishing the internal N requirement associated with the near-maximum yield (Stanford and Ayres, 1964) and can estimate the nutritional value of N at any growth stage, particularly during initial growth. Sugarcane begins the maximum N requirement and the highest production of aboveground biomass at 117 and 191 days (d), respectively, in the plant cane cycle and 72 and 151 d, respectively, in the ratoon cycle (Oliveira, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining a critical nitrogen dilution curve for sugarcane

Oliveira

Gava

Trivelin³

et al. 2013

Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.

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Adequate measurements of the nitrogen (N) concentration in the aboveground biomass of sugarcane throughout the growth cycle can be obtained using the critical N dilution curve (CNDC) concept, which provides an N-nutrition index (NNI). The aim of this work was to determine the CNDC value for Brazilian sugarcane variety SP81-3250, establish the critical concentration of N, and determine the NNI in the aboveground biomass throughout the cane plant and first ratoon crop cycles. The study was performed in three experimental areas located in São Paulo, Brazil, during the crop cycles of 2005/2006 (18-month cane plant) and 2006/2007 (first ratoon). The plant cane crop was fertilized with treatments of 40, 80, or 120 kg N ha -1 and a control treatment without N. After the plant cane harvest, rates of 0, 50, 100, or 150 kg N ha -1 were applied to the control plot and the 120 kg N ha -1 -treatment plot in a split-plot experimental design with four repetitions. Throughout both sugarcane cycles, measurements of aboveground biomass were used to determine the dry-mass (DM) production and N concentration for each treatment. CNDC varied between the growth cycles, with a higher N concentration observed in the initial stages of the first ratoon and a lower N dilution observed throughout the plant cane cycle. The NNI value indicated excessive N storage in the initial stages and limiting concentrations at the end of the growth cycle. CNDC and NNI allow for the identification of the N-nutrition variation rate and the period in which the nutrient concentration limits the production of aboveground biomass. The equations for the critical N (Ncr) level obtained in this study for plant cane (Ncr = 19.0 DM -0.369 ) and ratoons (Ncr = 20.3 DM -0.469 ) can potentially be used as N-nutritional diagnostic parameters for sugarcane N nutrition.

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“…Probably for this reason, the plant-crop rarely responds to nitrogen fertilizer (Azeredo et al, 1981), and while ratoon crops do often respond to N application, quantities applied rarely exceed 100 kg N ha -1 and fertilizer use efficency is usually less than 35% Sampaio et al, 1984). A sugar cane crop yielding 100 t cane ha-1 accumulates between 180 and 250 kg N ha -1 (Orlando- Filho et al, 1980;Stanford and Ayres, 1964). The mean Brazilian yield is 65 to 70 t cane ha-l and average whole crop N accumulation is between 100 to 120 kg N. Of this approximately two thirds is transported to the mill in the cane stems and a further 25% is in the senescent leaves (trash), which in Brazil, as in most countries, is burned off before harvest .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological nitrogen fixation associated with sugar cane and rice: Contributions and prospects for improvement

et al. 1995

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Introduction Quantification of biological nitrogen fixation Sugar cane Wetland rice Plant-associated N2-fixing bacteria Sugar cane Wetland riceProspects for the future Acknowledgements References Abstract 15N isotope and N balance studies performed over the last few years have shown that several Brazilian varieties of sugarcane are capable of obtaining over 60% of their nitrogen (>150 kg N ha-1 year-l) from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). This may be due to the fact that this crop in Brazil has been systematically bred for high yields with low fertilizer N inputs. In the case of wetland rice, N balance experiments performed both in the field and in pots suggest that 30 to 60 N ha-l crop-1 may be obtained from plant-associated BNF and that different varieties have different capacities to obtain N from this source. 15N2 incorporation studies have proved that wetland rice can obtain at least some N from BNF and acetylene reduction (AR) assays also indicate differences in N2-fixing ability between different rice varieties. However in situ AR field estimates suggest plant-associated BNF inputs to be less than 8 kg N ha -1 crop -l. The problems associated with the use of the 15N dilution technique for BNF quantification are discussed and illustrated with data from a recent study performed at EMBRAPA-CNPAB. Although many species of diazotrophs have been isolated from the rhizosphere of both sugarcane and wetland rice, the recent discovery of endophytic N2-fixing bacteria within roots, shoots and leaves of both crops suggests, at least in the case of sugarcane, that these bacteria may be the most important contributors to the observed BNF contributions. In sugarcane both Acetobacter diazotrophicus and Herbaspirillum spp. have been found within roots and aerial tissues and these microorganisms, unlike AzospiriUum spp. and other rhizospheric diazotrophs, have been shown to survive poorly in soil. Herbaspirillum spp. are found in many graminaceous crops, including rice (in roots and aerial tissue), and are able to survive and pass from crop to crop in the seeds. The physiology, ecology and infection of plants by these endophytes are fully discussed in this paper. The sugarcane/endophytic diazotroph association is the first efficient N2-fixing system to be discovered associated with any member of the gramineae. As yet the individual roles of the different diazotrophs in this system have not been elucidated and far more work on the physiology and anatomy of this system is required. However, the understanding gained in these studies should serve as a foundation for the improvement/development of similar N2-fixing systems in wetland rice and other cereal crops.

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The Internal Nitrogen Requirement of Sugarcane

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Yield Accumulation in Irrigated Sugarcane: I. Effect of Crop Age and Cultivar

Yield Accumulation in Irrigated Sugarcane: I. Effect of Crop Age and Cultivar

Determining a critical nitrogen dilution curve for sugarcane

Biological nitrogen fixation associated with sugar cane and rice: Contributions and prospects for improvement

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