The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): a state-of-the-science review

Rosen, Raymond C.; Cappelleri, Joseph C.; Gendrano, Noel

doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3900857

Cited by 912 publications

(729 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…It has been recommended as a primary endpoint for clinical trials of ED and for diagnostic evaluation of ED severity (18). The validity and sensitivity of the abridged scale were evaluated by analysing patients with ED from 4 placebo-controlled trials of sildenafil as well as by analysing a control group of men without ED (16, 19).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate recovery, cardiac rehabilitation and erectile dysfunction in males with ischaemic heart disease

Kałka

Domagała²,

Rusiecki³

et al. 2015

Anatol J Cardiol

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Objective:Heart rate recovery (HRR) is a recognised marker used in clinical practice for assessing the risk of sudden cardiac death. Physical exercise leads to an improvement in HRR and has a proven beneficial effect on erection quality (EQ) related to the activity of the autonomic nervous system in men with ischaemic heart disease (IHD). This paper evaluates the relationship between HRR and EQ in patients with IHD and erectile dysfunction (ED) who underwent cardiac rehabilitation.Methods:The main analysis was based on the Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Spearman correlation coefficient, Pearson’s chi-square test, chi-square test, with the Yates correction and (if possible) parametric tests were used. This prospective, non-randomised intervention study included 124 men with IHD and ED [International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scores of ≤21]. Of these, 89 patients underwent a 6-month cardiac rehabilitation phase III programme, whereas 35 did not. The results of the participants’ total IIEF-5 scores and their HRR, demographic and clinical data were analysed.Results:The results of the 89 rehabilitated patients (mean age: 60.44±9.29 years) and 35 controls (mean age: 61.43±8.81 years) were analysed. In the rehabilitated patients, the mean baseline IIEF-5 score was 13.15±5.76 (95% CI: 11.93–14.36) and HRR was 16.49±7.68/min (95% CI: 14.88–18.11). After cardiac rehabilitation, the parameters of ED and HRR improved significantly and were significantly higher than those of the controls; the mean IIEF-5 score of the rehabilitated group increased to 15.36±6.51 (95% CI: 13.99–16.73), while HRR increased to 21.40±7.25/min (95% CI: 19.88–22.93). A significant correlation was found between ∆HRR and ∆EQ (r=0.409791) as a result of the 6-month cardiac training programmeConclusion:Cardiac rehabilitation assessed by HRR has a sizable effect on autonomic balance in patients with IHD and ED, which plays a significant role in the mechanism of erection improvement.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate recovery, cardiac rehabilitation and erectile dysfunction in males with ischaemic heart disease

Kałka

Domagała²,

Rusiecki³

et al. 2015

Anatol J Cardiol

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“…Patients with an AHI of more than 30 were designated as patients with severe OSAS. 13 Questionnaires Scores from the following scales and questionnaires were documented before and after at least 1 month of CPAP therapy: the five questions of IIEF-5, 14 BDI 15 and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). 16 The ESS is a simple eight-item scale that evaluates the change in falling asleep in daily situations.…”

Section: Polysomnographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Erectile dysfunction in severe sleep apnea patients and response to CPAP

Taşkın¹,

Yiğit²,

Acıoğlu³

et al. 2009

Int J Impot Res

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The aim of this study was to investigate frequency and degree of ED in patients with severe sleep apnea and to evaluate the results of only continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on ED in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). This was a prospective clinical trial study. Patients with severe sleep apnea (40) were randomized into two groups. Multiple questionnaire investigation and laboratory evaluation were performed for ED, severity of OSAS and psychological status. Group 1 was treated with CPAP and group 2 was treated with only antidepressant medication for at least 1 month. Patients were evaluated after 1 month of therapy and compared with initial ones. Before CPAP, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-5 scores were significantly correlated only with body mass index (BMI; P ¼ 0.007) and not correlated significantly with Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores (P ¼ 0.286), lowest SaO 2 (P ¼ 0.182), Beck's Depression Inventory scores (P ¼ 0.302) and apnea/hypopnea index (P ¼ 0.279). After 1 month of regular CPAP usage, mean value of IIEF-5 score was 15.71 ± 5.12 before CPAP and were improved up to 19.06 ± 3.94, statistically significant. All subjects responded positively to the CPAP treatment and their erection status was improved positively. We have found a correlation between severe OSAS and ED. CPAP is effective in improvement of sexual performance of these patients.

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“…The responses ranged from 'extremely difficulty' to 'not difficult at all' and 'not difficult at all' was used to indicate absence of ED while the other responses were combined to collectively indicate the presence of ED. The rationale was because both IIEF-15 17 and IIEF-5 12 as well as the Massachusetts Male Aging Study 18 defined ED as having 'some degree of ED'.…”

Section: Definitions Of Ed Bmi and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the majority (87.0%; 507/583) of the excluded participants were excluded because they did not answer the ED question, and in turn the majority of them (89.2%; 452/507) were excluded because of sexual inactivity, the apparent low percentage of participant inclusion into our analyses (61.3%; 923/1506) was because some men were unable to assess their own erectile function and who in various natural stages of life ceased to have sexual intercourse (some married men) or did not have any sexual partner (single, separated, divorced or widowed). Furthermore, the IIEF 15,17 was validated in sexually active men, and inclusion of sexually inactive men may give false-positive results.…”

Section: Bmi Exercise and Ed Jyw Cheng And Eml Ngmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index, physical activity and erectile dysfunction: An U-shaped relationship from population-based study

Cheng

2007

Int J Obes

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Objective: To investigate the relationships between body mass index (BMI), physical activity and erectile dysfunction (ED). Design and subjects: A population representative cross-sectional analytic study of ED in Hong Kong, with two-stage stratified random sampling, and face-to-face interviews conducted by trained interviewers with structured questionnaires. Study subjects were 1506 men aged 26-70. Results: Age (odds ratio (OR) ¼ 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-1.40), physical activity (OR ¼ 0.91 per 500 kcal/week; 95% CI 0.84-0.98), and general psychological distress (OR ¼ 1.03 per GHQ score; 95% CI 1.00-1.06) were independently associated with ED after multivariate adjustments. An U-shaped relationship between BMI and ED was observed only among men with no exercise (oonce/week): BMI o18.5 (OR ¼ 2.99; 95% CI 1.01-8.86), 18.5-19.9 (OR ¼ 2.66; 95% CI 1.04-6.79), 20.0-20.9 (OR ¼ 1.37; 95% CI 0.49-3.79), 22.0-22.9 (OR ¼ 1.36; 95% CI 0.58-3.17), 23.0-24.9 (OR ¼ 1.66; 95% CI 0.70-3.93), X25.0 (OR ¼ 2.47; 95% CI 1.08-5.67) using BMI 21.0-21.9 as reference, adjusted for age, GHQ and smoking status. Being physically active (X1000 kcal/week) only reduced the risk of ED (OR ¼ 0.40, 95% CI 0.16-0.95) in men who were obese, adjusted for age, GHQ, smoking status and BMI. Conclusions: BMI and physical activity independently and differentially affected ED risk. BMI had greatest influence with low physical activity, and physical activity exerted greatest influence when BMI was high. This is the first study to demonstrate an U-shaped relationship between BMI and ED risk, but only in men with no exercise, and to identify underweight as a risk factor for ED. This relationship has clinical implications for obese as well as underweight individuals.

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The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): a state-of-the-science review

Cited by 912 publications

References 57 publications

Heart rate recovery, cardiac rehabilitation and erectile dysfunction in males with ischaemic heart disease

Heart rate recovery, cardiac rehabilitation and erectile dysfunction in males with ischaemic heart disease

Erectile dysfunction in severe sleep apnea patients and response to CPAP

Body mass index, physical activity and erectile dysfunction: An U-shaped relationship from population-based study

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