The International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia: five-year follow-up findings

Abstract

SYNOPSIS A five-year follow-up of the patients initially included in the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia was conducted in eight of the nine centres. Adequate information was obtained for 807 patients, representing 76% of the initial cohort. Clinical and social outcomes were significantly better for patients in Agra and Ibadan than for those in the centres in developed countries. In Cali, only social outcome was significantly better.

Effectiveness of knowledge translation of social interventions across economic boundaries: a systematic review

“…Comparative studies have actually demonstrated better long-term outcomes for schizophrenia in LMIC, particularly for individuals living in rural areas (Leff, Sartorius, Jablensky, Korten, & Ernberg, 1992). In one included study, authors point to the finding that people in Asian, African and Latin American countries tend to live with their extended families whereby family involvement in care may be more important than in Western cultures (Guo et al, 2010).…”

Beyond Assessment of Quality of Life in Schizophrenia

“…The follow-up study of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (IPSS) showed that, in spite of clinical similarity, there were remarkable variations in course and outcome within and across different cultures and those in developing countries including Agra (India) had a better outcome than those in developed countries (Leff et al 1992 ). Other studies, Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorders (DOSMeD), Madras Longitudinal study, and Study of Factors Associated with the Course and Outcome of Schizophrenia (SOFACOS), also observed the outcome to be more favorable in India (Craig et al 1997 ;Thara et al 2004 ;Verghese et al 1989 ).…”

“…The IPSS found that four symptoms, auditory hallucinations, delusions, social withdrawal, and fl at affect, were common to all cultures (Leff et al 1992 ). The DOSMeD study found that the symptom profi le of patients was quite similar in developing and developed centers, apart from visual hallucinations being more frequent in the former and affective symptoms (mainly depression) in the latter (Craig et al 1997 ).…”

“…Chandrasena ( 1987 ) proposed that the low rates are related to the high prevalence of subcultural beliefs and delusions in non-Western cultures and their overlap with FRS. The WHO multicentric studies found that acute schizophrenic episodes and catatonic schizophrenia were the commonest subtypes in developing centers and paranoid schizophrenia in the developed ones (Leff et al 1992 ;Craig et al 1997 ). There are differences in the frequency of types of negative symptoms between patients in India and the United States (Chaturvedi 1986 ).…”

Iatrogenia y prevención cuaternaria en salud mental

“…Aunque veamos estos hallazgos como novedosos, recuerdan la hipótesis que postulaba que la mejoría en la conducta y síntomas psicóticos era proporcional al daño cerebral que producían, lo que se apo yaba con estudios de imagen 54 . Todo esto puede explicar los peores resultados en al gunas áreas relacionadas con la recupera ción de una vida productiva de los pacien tes que toman tratamiento de forma indefinida frente a los que no 55 , apoyando los hallazgos de los estudios de la OMS que encuentran mejores resultados en países en los que los pacientes no disponen de estos tratamientos 56 .…”