The International Politics of the Asia Pacific

In the context of China's rapid rise, scholars still debate heatedly and always make contrasted predictions on China's use of force. This article seeks to identify the determining factors of a rising China's use of force and its varying levels. Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, China's use of force has been shaped by its high external vulnerabilities. They consist of two major security concerns: the homeland encirclement by superpowers and the increasing support from the outside to domestic splitting factions. Consistency in China's use of force can be explained by the legitimacy of the party involved and the regional power position in East Asia. The level of the use of force has been determined by China's relative capability to its adversaries. Specifically, China will use high levels of force, such as wars or lengthy conflicts, if it enjoys the favorable relative capability. On the contrary, China will use low levels of force, such as blockade, artillery attacks and very short combats, if the opposite is true. Based on these findings and current regional trends in East Asia, the authors are optimistic about China's non-use of force in Taiwan and territorial or maritime disputes in East Asia over the next decade.

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“…Michael Yahuda, The International Politics of the Asia‐Pacific (London: Routledge Curzon, 2004), pp. 53–54.…”

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confidence: 99%

Revisiting China's Use of Force in Asia: Dynamic, Level and Beyond*

Sun

Huang

2012

Pacific Focus

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“…It was part of an attempt to redress Japan's sense of vulnerability caused by external threats, lack of natural resources, feeble leadership, and a weakly articulated vision of its international role. 57 This was the most ambitious initiative towards South East Asia in the post-war era.…”

Section: 'Omnidirectional (Peaceful) Diplomacy' and The Cold Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

Japan and the Asia-Pacific in the 1970s: From an economic to a ‘heart-to-heart’ relationship

Chiapponi

2016

Mod. Asian Stud.

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This article deals with the relationships Japan has built in the Asia-Pacific region in the aftermath of decolonization. In post-war historic studies, the emphasis has been on issues such as paying reparations and providing economic assistance as Japan's means of rising to become a world power, at least from an economic point of view. The article explores, from a historical perspective, Japan's efforts with regard to development aid, but focuses on its transition to taking a more active role in Asia. This became more evident from the mid-1970s, when some crucial events related to the Cold War altered the the balance of power in the world. Hence, it investigates how Japan faced and took advantage of the situation in this area, and how it modified its approach to providing foreign assistance to Southeast Asia. Finally, it meditates upon the meaning of the Fukuda Doctrine as an enhancement of Tokyo's regional policy.

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“…This change in Japan's attitude may be seen as the "normalization" of Japan. 9 All the official documents, such as the New National Defense Program Outline(NNDPO 1995) and the National Defense Program Guidelines(NDPG 2004;2011), among others, show the evolution of the concept and the mutation of the capabilities of the Japan Self-Defense Forces.…”

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Towards an uncertain future? The strengthening of Japan's autonomy in Asia-Pacific

Miyamoto

Watanabe

2014

Rev. bras. polít. int.

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Rev. Bras. Polít. Int. 57 (1): 98-116 [2014] Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes. In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized.(Article Nine, Japanese Constitution)

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The International Politics of the Asia Pacific

Cited by 31 publications

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Revisiting China's Use of Force in Asia: Dynamic, Level and Beyond*

Revisiting China's Use of Force in Asia: Dynamic, Level and Beyond*

Japan and the Asia-Pacific in the 1970s: From an economic to a ‘heart-to-heart’ relationship

Towards an uncertain future? The strengthening of Japan's autonomy in Asia-Pacific

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