The interoceptive cue properties of ghrelin generalize to cues produced by food deprivation

Davidson, Terry L.; Kanoski, Scott E.; Tracy, Andrea L.; Walls, Elwood K.; Clegg, Debbie J.; Benoit, Stephen C.

doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2005.02.014

Cited by 50 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The pattern of results is noteworthy for at least two reasons: First, it agrees with earlier reports [22,36] that leptin enhances the intake suppressive effects of CCK; Second, these findings show that the effects of i.p. CCK on feeding can be dissociated from its effects on the production of an interoceptive satiety signal (also see [4,18]). This type of dissociation is indicated by the finding that CCK-8 produced an interoceptive satiety signal despite the fact that it did not significantly reduce 30-min food intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incomplete generalization is not surprising in light of the fact that these hormones were administered to rats that had been deprived of food for 24-hrs. Under these conditions, any satiety-like cues produced by leptin or CCK would likely have been embedded with a number of hormonal (e.g., high ghrelin levels) and metabolic (e.g., low blood glucose) parameters that could give rise to interoceptive signals of "hunger" [4,18]. Furthermore, some sources of potential satiety cues, such as mechanical stimulation produced by gastric distention, were presumably absent when the rats were tested following 24-hr food deprivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general procedures used for discrimination training were the same as those described in a previous report from our laboratory [18]. Rats were assigned to two groups (matched for body weight) prior to training: 1+ (n = 16) and 24+ (n = 16).…”

Section: Deprivation Intensity Discrimination Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, our goal is to study whether or not exogenous leptin and CCK, administered separately or in combination, give rise to interoceptive satiety stimuli like those produced by a recent period of ad lib feeding. To achieve this goal, we employed what is known as a "deprivation intensity discrimination design" [15,16,17,18]. With this design, rats are given brief training sessions under irregularly alternating conditions of 1-hr and 24-hrs of food deprivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Interoceptive “satiety” signals produced by leptin and CCK

Kanoski

Walls²,

Davidson

2007

Peptides

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present studies assessed the extent to which the adiposity signal leptin and the brain-gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK), administered alone or in combination, give rise to interoceptive sensory cues like those that are produced by a low (1 hr) level of food deprivation. Rats were trained with cues arising from1-hr and 24-hr food deprivation as discriminative stimuli. For one group, 24-hr food deprivation predicted the delivery of sucrose pellets, whereas 1-hr food deprivation did not. Another group received the reversed deprivation level-sucrose contingency. After asymptotic performance was achieved, the effects of leptin and CCK on food intake and on discrimination performance were tested under 24-hr food deprivation. In Experiment 1a, leptin administered into the third cerebroventricle (i3vt) at 3.5 or 7.0 μg doses had little effect, compared to saline on food intake or discriminative responding. In Experiment 1b, leptin (7.0 μg, i3vt) combined with CCK-8 (2 μg/kg, i.p.) reduced food intake significantly, but the findings indicated that CCK-8 alone produces interoceptive discriminative cues more like those produced by 1-than 24-hr food deprivation. Experiment 2a tested rats with i.p. leptin (0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg). Although neither dose suppressed intake, the 0.3 mg/kg dose produced interoceptive cues like 1-hr food deprivation. Experiment 2b tested two doses of CCK-8 (2 and 4mg/kg ,i.p.) and found significant intake suppression and generalization of discrimination with both doses of CCK-8. These findings suggest a role for both leptin and CCK in the production of sensory consequences that correspond to "satiety".

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deprivation Intensity Discrimination Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Interoceptive “satiety” signals produced by leptin and CCK

Kanoski

Walls²,

Davidson

2007

Peptides

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…That is, exogenous ghrelin administration in ad libitum-fed Siberian hamsters (that produces food deprivation-induced concentrations of circulating acylated ghrelin) triggers impressive and persisting increases in food hoarding (39 -41), duplicating both the magnitude (more than ϳ300%) and duration (5-6 days) of food deprivation-induced increases in food hoarding by this species (5,6,17,20,67). In addition, exogenous ghrelin administration creates interoceptive cues that generalize to those produced by food deprivation in ad libitum-fed laboratory rats (15). Together, this suggests that exogenous ghrelin mimics aspects of food deprivation, making it a useful tool to test ad libitum-fed hamsters because it eliminates many other changes associated with food deprivation per se.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-ghrelin Spiegelmer inhibits exogenous ghrelin-induced increases in food intake, hoarding, and neural activation, but not food deprivation-induced increases

Teubner

Bartness

2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Teubner BJ, Bartness TJ. Anti-ghrelin Spiegelmer inhibits exogenous ghrelin-induced increases in food intake, hoarding, and neural activation, but not food deprivation-induced increases. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 305: R323-R333, 2013. First published June 26, 2013 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00097.2013.-Circulating concentrations of the stomach-derived "hunger-peptide" ghrelin increase in direct proportion to the time since the last meal. Exogenous ghrelin also increases food intake in rodents and humans, suggesting ghrelin may increase post-fast ingestive behaviors. Food intake after food deprivation is increased by laboratory rats and mice, but not by humans (despite dogma to the contrary) or by Siberian hamsters; instead, humans and Siberian hamsters increase food hoarding, suggesting the latter as a model of fasting-induced changes in human ingestive behavior. Exogenous ghrelin markedly increases food hoarding by ad libitum-fed Siberian hamsters similarly to that after food deprivation, indicating sufficiency. Here, we tested the necessity of ghrelin to increase food foraging, food hoarding, and food intake, and neural activation [c-Fos immunoreactivity (c-Fos-ir)] using anti-ghrelin Spiegelmer NOX-B11-2 (SPM), an L-oligonucleotide that specifically binds active ghrelin, inhibiting peptide-receptor interaction. SPM blocked exogenous ghrelin-induced increases in food hoarding the first 2 days after injection, and foraging and food intake at 1-2 h and 2-4 h, respectively, and inhibited hypothalamic c-Fos-ir. SPM given every 24 h across 48-h food deprivation inconsistently inhibited food hoarding after refeeding and c-Fos-ir, similarly to inabilities to do so in laboratory rats and mice. These results suggest that ghrelin may not be necessary for food deprivation-induced foraging and hoarding and neural activation. A possible compensatory response, however, may underlie these findings because SPM treatment led to marked increases in circulating ghrelin concentrations. Collectively, these results show that SPM can block exogenous ghrelin-induced ingestive behaviors, but the necessity of ghrelin for food deprivation-induced ingestive behaviors remains unclear.foraging; Siberian hamster; c-Fos; immunohistochemistry OBESITY IS A CRITICAL HEALTH problem nearly worldwide because of its many secondary health consequences, including stroke, Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers (13,26,29,55,56,65,71). One result of the dire nature and pervasiveness of obesity is the increase in health care costs; for example, an estimated U.S. $147 billion in 2008 (24). Therefore, preventing and reversing obesity will have overall health and financial benefits. Food intake that exceeds energy expenditure is the prima facie cause of obesity. We believe one contributing cause of the overconsumption of food is the increased availability of relatively inexpensive calorically dense foods/drinks, their longer shelf-lives, and the increasingly larger storage compartments (refrigerators, freezers, pantries) for these items (f...

show abstract

Conditioned Taste Avoidance Drug Discrimination Procedure: Assessments and Applications

Riley

Clasen

Friar

2016

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the present chapter, we summarize much of the work on the taste avoidance drug discrimination procedure, presenting the logic for its initial introduction and the extension of the procedure in the investigation of the discriminative properties of various drugs. Results from these assessments parallel those from more traditional operant and maze designs in classifying and characterizing the discriminative properties of drug. At the same time, this design reveals a procedure that is sensitive in such assessments by indexing these stimulus properties more rapidly and at lower doses than in the more traditional procedures (in some cases for drugs heretofore resistant in their detection). Importantly, much remains to be learned about the taste avoidance procedure in that the nature of such learning remains unknown and the specific parameters under which it can be established and generalized and its neurochemical and neuroanatomical bases are largely unexplored. The application of drug discrimination learning to human drug abuse continues to be an important consideration for this specific design (as well as that of drug discrimination procedures in general), and recent parallels between drug use and food intake in terms of its regulation by interoceptive stimuli suggests a possible role of the loss of stimulus control in drug escalation and addiction (with possible therapeutic implications via the modulation of these interoceptive cues).

show abstract

The interoceptive cue properties of ghrelin generalize to cues produced by food deprivation

Cited by 50 publications

References 27 publications

Interoceptive “satiety” signals produced by leptin and CCK

Interoceptive “satiety” signals produced by leptin and CCK

Anti-ghrelin Spiegelmer inhibits exogenous ghrelin-induced increases in food intake, hoarding, and neural activation, but not food deprivation-induced increases

Conditioned Taste Avoidance Drug Discrimination Procedure: Assessments and Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About