The Interplay of Familial Depression Liability and Adverse Events in Predicting the First Onset of Depression During a 10-Year Follow-up

Zimmermann, Petra; Brückl, Tanja; Lieb, Roselind; Nocon, Agnes; Ising, Marcus; Beesdo, Katja; Wittchen, Hans‐Ulrich

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.020

Cited by 61 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Low potency neither interacted with sex nor age on predicting offspring psychopathology, suggesting low potency to similarly predict offspring anxiety (and depression) in younger and older adolescents, males and females. Although few prior studies investigated interactive effects between child potency (or conceptually related constructs) and maternal anxiety/depression on predicting offspring anxiety/depression, our findings match with previous research suggesting parental psychopathology to strengthen the association between an unfavorable family environment and offspring psychopathology [14,[47][48][49][50][51][52].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Nonetheless, there is also evidence that complex bidirectional relationships exist between maternal and offspring characteristics and, for example, that offspring temperament and personality influence how mothers perceive their children and react to them [42][43][44][45][46]. Furthermore, research found the association between an unfavorable family environment and offspring psychopathology to be pronounced in the presence of parental psychopathology [14,[47][48][49][50][51][52]. For instance, parental social phobia interacted with parenting on predicting offspring social phobia in a way that unfavorable parenting was more strongly associated with offspring social phobia in the presence of parental social phobia [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of the mother–child relationship for anxiety disorders and depression: results from a prospective-longitudinal study in adolescents and their mothers

Asselmann

Wittchen

Lieb

et al. 2014

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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This study aims to examine whether (a) low child valence (emotional connectedness) within the mother-child relationship increases the risk for offspring depression, (b) low child potency (individual autonomy) increases the risk for offspring anxiety, and (c) maternal psychopathology pronounces these associations. We used data from a prospective-longitudinal study of adolescents (aged 14-17 at baseline) and their mothers (N = 1,015 mother-child dyads). Anxiety disorders and depression were assessed repeatedly over 10 years in adolescents (T0, T1, T2, T3) and their mothers (T1, T3) using the DSM-IV/M-CIDI. Valence and potency were assessed in mothers (T1) with the Subjective Family Image Questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) from logistic regression were used to estimate associations between low child valence/potency and offspring psychopathology (cumulated lifetime incidences; adjusted for sex and age). In separate models (low valence or low potency as predictor), low child valence predicted offspring depression only (OR = 1.26 per SD), while low child potency predicted offspring anxiety (OR = 1.24) and depression (OR = 1.24). In multiple models (low valence and low potency as predictors), low child valence predicted offspring depression only (OR = 1.19), while low child potency predicted offspring anxiety only (OR = 1.22). Low child potency interacted with maternal anxiety on predicting offspring depression (OR = 1.49), i.e. low child potency predicted offspring depression only in the presence of maternal anxiety (OR = 1.33). These findings suggest that low child valence increases the risk for offspring depression, while low child potency increases the risk for offspring anxiety and depression and interacts with maternal psychopathology on predicting offspring depression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the mother–child relationship for anxiety disorders and depression: results from a prospective-longitudinal study in adolescents and their mothers

Asselmann

Wittchen

Lieb

et al. 2014

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…5 Moreover, the effects of adverse events on the new development of depressive episodes in individuals under familial risk have been found to be moderated by parental depression status. 6 Importantly, even without the occurrence of adverse events, individuals with a familial depression liability are at greater risk for MDD, and the severity of symptoms are further increased by additional exposure to adverse events. 6 Patients with MDD exhibit functional and structural brain anomalies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Importantly, even without the occurrence of adverse events, individuals with a familial depression liability are at greater risk for MDD, and the severity of symptoms are further increased by additional exposure to adverse events. 6 Patients with MDD exhibit functional and structural brain anomalies. In particular, in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown that key areas involved in emotional regulation, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate cortex, basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex (PFC) may go through such changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural MRI correlates for vulnerability and resilience to major depressive disorder

Amico¹,

Meisenzahl²,

Koutsouleris³

et al. 2011

J Psychiatry Neurosci

233

121

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15Background: In major depressive disorder (MDD), it is unclear to what extent structural brain changes are associated with depressive episodes or represent part of the mechanism by which the risk for illness is mediated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether structural abnormalities are related to risk for the development of MDD. Methods: We compared healthy controls with a positive family history for MDD (HC-FHP), healthy controls with no family history of any psychiatric disease (HC-FHN) and patients with MDD. Groups were age-and sex-matched. We analyzed data from high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging using voxel-based morphometry. We performed small volume corrections for our regions of interest (hippocampus, dorsolateral [DLPFC] and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex [DMPFC], anterior cingulate cortex [ACC] and basal ganglia) using a family-wise error correction (p < 0.05) to control for multiple comparisons. Results: There were 30 participants in the HC-FHP group, 64 in the HC-FHN group and 33 patients with MDD. The HC-FHP group had smaller right hippocampal and DLPFC grey matter volumes compared with the HC-FHN group, and even smaller right hippocampal volumes compared with patients with MDD. In addition, the HC-FHP group exhibited smaller white matter volumes in the DLPFC and left putamen but also greater volumes in 2 areas of the DMPFC compared with the HC-FHN group. Patients with MDD exhibited smaller volumes in the ACC, DMPFC, DLPFC and the basal ganglia compared with healthy controls. Limitations: The retrospective identification of family history might result in a bias toward unidentified participants in the control group at risk for MDD, diminishing the effect size. Conclusion: Volume reductions in the hippocampus and DLPFC might be associated with a greater risk for MDD. The HC-FHP group had smaller hippocampal volumes compared with patients with MDD, which is suggestive for neuroplastic effects of treatment. The HC-FHP group had not yet experienced a depressive episode and therefore might have been resilient and might have had some protective strategies. Whether resilience is associated with the larger white matter volumes in the DMPFC (e.g., owing to compensatory, neuroplastic remodelling mechanisms) needs to be confirmed in future studies.

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“…As psychosocial and genetic factors contribute to the vulnerability to major depressive disorders (MDD) the investigation and understanding of possible interactions between environmental and genetic factors have increasingly gained importance [Sullivan et al, 2000;Zimmermann et al, 2008;Caspi et al, 2010]. There is growing evidence that dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is an important mechanism in the pathophysiology of MDD [Holsboer et al, 1982;Heim et al, 1997;De Kloet, 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood maltreatment, the corticotropin‐releasing hormone receptor gene and adult depression in the general population

Grabe

Schwahn

Appel

et al. 2010

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

103

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Dysregulations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders and the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) was found to modulate emotional memory consolidation. Recently, two studies have reported an interaction between childhood abuse and the TAT-haplotype of the CRH-Receptor Gene (CRHR1) connecting childhood adversities and genetic susceptibility to adult depression. We tested the hypothesis of an interaction of childhood maltreatment with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes of the CRHR1 gene not previously investigated. Caucasian subjects (n = 1,638) from the German general population (Study of Health in Pomerania, SHIP) were analyzed. As in the previous studies, childhood abuse and neglect were assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and depression with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-2). The CRHR1-SNPs were genotyped on the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 platform. We identified an interaction between the TAT-haplotype and childhood physical neglect. The interaction with physical neglect showed significant (P < 0.05) results in 23 of the 28 SNPs, with rs17689882 (P = 0.0013) reaching "gene-wide" significance. Although we did not replicate the specific interaction of abuse and the TAT-haplotype of the CRHR1 gene we confirmed the relevance of an interplay between variants within the CRHR1 gene and childhood adversities in the modulation of depression in adults. The largest effect was found for rs17689882, a SNP previously not analyzed. Relevant sample differences between this and prior studies like lower BDI-2 scores, less childhood maltreatment and higher psychosocial functioning may account for the differences in gene-environment interaction findings. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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The Interplay of Familial Depression Liability and Adverse Events in Predicting the First Onset of Depression During a 10-Year Follow-up

Cited by 61 publications

References 50 publications

The role of the mother–child relationship for anxiety disorders and depression: results from a prospective-longitudinal study in adolescents and their mothers

The role of the mother–child relationship for anxiety disorders and depression: results from a prospective-longitudinal study in adolescents and their mothers

Structural MRI correlates for vulnerability and resilience to major depressive disorder

Childhood maltreatment, the corticotropin‐releasing hormone receptor gene and adult depression in the general population

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