The Interplay of Lung Cancer, COVID-19, and Vaccines

Trivanović, Dragan; Peršurić, Željka; Agaj, Andrea; Jakopović, Marko; Samaržija, Miroslav; Bitar, Lela; Pavelić, Krešimir

doi:10.3390/ijms232315067

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“… 20 Lung cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience more severe conditions, with a mortality rate ranging from 25% to 36%. 13 , 21 , 22 Identifying high-risk groups and implementing specific preventive measures for them holds significant importance. 23 , 24 To our knowledge, this study is the first to construct a visual predictive model for lung cancer patients progressing to pneumonia, particularly moderate-severe pneumonia, after SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of Nomograms for Predicting Pneumonia in Patients with COVID-19 and Lung Cancer

Xu,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2024

JIR

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of Nomograms for Predicting Pneumonia in Patients with COVID-19 and Lung Cancer

Xu,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2024

JIR

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“…Recently, there is an association between lung cancer, COVID-19 and vaccines [ (Trivanovic et al, 2022), (Mao et al, 2021)]. Lung cancer patients have an increased risk from COVID-19 infection and exhibit poor outcomes [ (Oldani et al, 2022), (Aramini et al, 2022)].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles overcome adaptive immune resistance and enhance immunotherapy via targeting tumor microenvironment in lung cancer

et al. 2023

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Lung cancer is one of the common malignant cancers worldwide. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has improved survival of lung cancer patients. However, ICI therapy leads to adaptive immune resistance and displays resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in lung cancer, leading to less immune response of lung cancer patients. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is an integral tumor microenvironment, which is involved in immunotherapy resistance. Nanomedicine has been used to enhance the immunotherapy in lung cancer. In this review article, we described the association between TME and immunotherapy in lung cancer. We also highlighted the importance of TME in immunotherapy in lung cancer. Moreover, we discussed how nanoparticles are involved in regulation of TME to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy, including Nanomedicine SGT-53, AZD1080, Nanomodulator NRF2, Cisplatin nanoparticles, Au@PG, DPAICP@ME, SPIO NP@M-P, NBTXR3 nanoparticles, ARAC nanoparticles, Nano-DOX, MS NPs, Nab-paclitaxel, GNPs-hPD-L1 siRNA. Furthermore, we concluded that targeting TME by nanoparticles could be helpful to overcome resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in lung cancer.

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“…Patient- and treatment-associated factors merit specific consideration. The need for more reliable databases that include widely measured immune parameters as well as data on spike protein levels in blood has been pointed out by others [ 251 ]. Taken together, these studies should provide robust data to guide clinical implementation, including the development of therapeutic alternatives (i.e., LNPs with different chemistry, a closed form of spike not prone to ACE2 binding [ 252 ], non-spike targeting vaccines [ 253 ], platforms such as COH04S1 [ 254 ] with high tolerability and immunogenicity in immunosuppressed individuals, non-pharmacological interventions [ 255 ], etc.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and the Multi-Hit Hypothesis of Oncogenesis

Valdes Angues,

Perea Bustos

2023

Cureus

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Cancer is a complex and dynamic disease. The “hallmarks of cancer” were proposed by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) as a group of biological competencies that human cells attain as they progress from normalcy to neoplastic transformation. These competencies include self-sufficiency in proliferative signaling, insensitivity to growth-suppressive signals and immune surveillance, the ability to evade cell death, enabling replicative immortality, reprogramming energy metabolism, inducing angiogenesis, and activating tissue invasion and metastasis. Underlying these competencies are genome instability, which expedites their acquisition, and inflammation, which fosters their function(s). Additionally, cancer exhibits another dimension of complexity: a heterogeneous repertoire of infiltrating and resident host cells, secreted factors, and extracellular matrix, known as the tumor microenvironment, that through a dynamic and reciprocal relationship with cancer cells supports immortality, local invasion, and metastatic dissemination. This staggering intricacy calls for caution when advising all people with cancer (or a previous history of cancer) to receive the COVID-19 primary vaccine series plus additional booster doses. Moreover, because these patients were not included in the pivotal clinical trials, considerable uncertainty remains regarding vaccine efficacy, safety, and the risk of interactions with anticancer therapies, which could reduce the value and innocuity of either medical treatment. After reviewing the available literature, we are particularly concerned that certain COVID-19 vaccines may generate a pro-tumorigenic milieu (i.e., a specific environment that could lead to neoplastic transformation) that predisposes some (stable) oncologic patients and survivors to cancer progression, recurrence, and/or metastasis. This hypothesis is based on biological plausibility and fulfillment of the multi-hit hypothesis of oncogenesis (i.e., induction of lymphopenia and inflammation, downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, activation of oncogenic cascades, sequestration of tumor suppressor proteins, dysregulation of the RNA-G quadruplex-protein binding system, alteration of type I interferon responses, unsilencing of retrotransposable elements, etc.) together with growing evidence and safety reports filed to Vaccine Adverse Effects Report System (VAERS) suggesting that some cancer patients experienced disease exacerbation or recurrence following COVID-19 vaccination. In light of the above and because some of these concerns (i.e., alteration of oncogenic pathways, promotion of inflammatory cascades, and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system) also apply to cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, we encourage the scientific and medical community to urgently evaluate the impact of both COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination on cancer biology and tumor registries, adjusting public health recommendations accordingly.

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The Interplay of Lung Cancer, COVID-19, and Vaccines

Cited by 5 publications

References 102 publications

Development and Validation of Nomograms for Predicting Pneumonia in Patients with COVID-19 and Lung Cancer

Development and Validation of Nomograms for Predicting Pneumonia in Patients with COVID-19 and Lung Cancer

Nanoparticles overcome adaptive immune resistance and enhance immunotherapy via targeting tumor microenvironment in lung cancer

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and the Multi-Hit Hypothesis of Oncogenesis

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