The Interplay of Perceived Mental Health and Suicidal Ideation among Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: A Secondary Analysis of Aboriginal Peoples Survey

Abstract

The disproportionately high suicide rates among Aboriginal populations in Canada, linked to historical trauma and systemic inequities, necessitate targeted mental health interventions. This study investigated the relationship between perceived mental health and suicidal ideation among the Aboriginal population in Canada, First Nations, Inuit, and Metis, using data from the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS) (n=4,725). The analysis employed chi-square tests and bivariate logistic regression to examine the association between self-perceived mental health, suicidal ideation, and socio-demographic factors. Results revealed significant associations between suicidal ideation, age group (p<.001), and sex (p<.001), with younger individuals (18-24 years) and females reporting a higher prevalence of suicidal thoughts. Also, bivariate logistic regression showed that being between the ages of 25 and 34 was a strong predictor of suicidal thoughts (OR = 1.954, p =.000), while being female (OR =.648, p =.000) and having a higher socioeconomic status (OR =.678, p =.000) were weaker predictors. Although Aboriginal identity was not significantly associated with suicidal ideation, self-perceived mental health was. These results made it clear that focused and targeted mental health interventions and culturally appropriate suicide prevention strategies are needed right away in Aboriginal communities in Canada. These strategies need to meet the needs of vulnerable groups, like younger people and women.