The interplay of topology and antiferromagnetic order in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals of (Ni _x Fe_1−x )₂P₂S₆

Abstract

Mermin-Wagner theorem forbid spontaneous symmetry breaking of spins in one/two-dimensional systems at finite temperature and rules out the stabilization of this ordered state. However, it does not apply to all types of phase transitions in low dimensions such as topologically ordered phase rigorously shown by Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) and experimentally realized in very limited systems such as superfluids, superconducting thin films. Quasi two-dimensional van der Waals magnets provide an ideal platform to investigate the fundamentals of low-dimensional magnetism. We explored the quasi two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb antiferromagnetic single crystals of (NixFe1-x)2P2S6 (x = 1, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3 & 0) using in depth temperature dependent Raman measurements supported by first-principles calculations of the phonon frequencies. Quite surprisingly, we observed renormalization of the phonon modes much below the long-range magnetic ordered temperature attributed to the topological ordered state, namely the BKT phase, which is also found to change as a function of doping. The extracted critical exponent of the order-parameter [spin-spin correlation length, ] evince the signature of topologically active state driven by vortex-antivortex excitations. As a function of doping, a tunable transition from paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic ordering is shown via phonons reflected in the strong renormalization of the self-energy parameters of the Raman active phonon modes. The extracted exchange parameter (J) is found to vary by ~ 100 % with increasing the value of doping, ranging from ~ 6 meV (for x = 0.3) to 13 meV (for x = 1).