“…Third, the study assesses if and how rapid upward and downward export expansions generate opposite effects on firm performance and complements the literature that has overly underscored the negative effects of institutional distance and associated concepts (Stahl, Tung, Kostova, & Zellmer-Bruhn, 2016). Fourth, this study advances institutional theory from a locational perspective by examining the joint effect of different aspects of institutions (Holmes, Miller, Hitt, & Salmador, 2013), namely heterogeneity in supranational institutional distance and heterogeneity in subnational institutional quality.…”