The intersection of stress, drug abuse and development

Thadani, Pushpa V.

doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(01)00046-4

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the literature on the impact of the type of stressors communities affected by toxic contamination experience is sparse: “the stressor consisted of a series of events over months and years, starting with the first reports of chemical contamination, and continuing through the responses of governmental agencies, different investigations, relocation and its aftermath [14]”. To date, identified effects of stress in communities near hazardous sites include cardiovascular disease [14, 15], demoralization [16, 17], and mental health problems [18–20] including increased substance abuse [21, 22]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal analysis of health outcomes after exposure to toxics, Willits California, 1991–2012: application of the cohort-period (cross-sequential) design

Remy

Clay

2014

Environ Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAbout 1963, a factory in Willits, Mendocino County (County), California added chrome plating to the manufacture of steel products. After years of residents reporting high illness rates, the State undertook a series of investigations. They found exposures had been high and warranted further research into possible health effects. Applying the seldom-used cross-sequential design, we tested if Willits had an excess rate of adverse health conditions, compared to people of the same sex and cohort living in the rest of county (ROC). This is the first report on long-term health outcomes for Willits.MethodsHospital discharge data for 1991–2012 were searched to find admissions for people born between 1940 and 1989 who ever gave the County as their residence. Diagnoses and procedures were classified to Level 1 (body systems) of the Multi-level Clinical Classification Software (CCS). We analyzed 796,917 diagnoses and 289,980 procedures found on 117,799 admissions of 43,234 patients who lived in the County at some time between 1991 and 2012. Of these, 7,564 lived in Willits. We summarized data to the person-level then the group level over cohort-period (cross-sequential) to control the age by time relationship, then calculated incidence rates, relative risk, and excess case statistics, each with confidence limits. A secondary analysis focused on whether Willits differed markedly from the rest of County (ROC). Specifically, other than the presence of the Plant, did Willits differ so much that those differences could plausibly explain outcome differences?ResultsIllness was excessive in the exposed group (Willits) compared to the unexposed (ROC). Overall number of excess cases attributable to living in Willits was estimated: Men, 301 (95% confidence limit (CL) 200–398), women: 696 (CL 569–820).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the strength of the cross-sequential design. Willits and ROC had comparable disadvantages relative to the State. Yet, when stratified by cohort, Willits had more illness per population. Little is known about the health effect of chemicals used at Willits on a non-occupationally exposed population. We recommend a follow-up study to evaluate the long-term health of people who lived in Willits during childhood and the reproductive age.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-069X-13-88) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal analysis of health outcomes after exposure to toxics, Willits California, 1991–2012: application of the cohort-period (cross-sequential) design

Remy

Clay

2014

Environ Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…ECF is not fully operational until at least age 21, suggesting that stressors experienced during adolescence may contribute to long-lasting impairments (Thadani, 2002). As such, adolescence may be a particularly sensitive period for assessing the impact of stress on these processes as demands for coping with competing social, cognitive, biological/hormonal, and academic changes are high and have critical longterm implications for developmental risk trajectories (Petersen & Leffert, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediators of the Stress–Substance–Use Relationship in Urban Male Adolescents

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure to chronic or severe acute stressors throughout the lifespan has been linked with numerous negative behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and physical consequences. Adolescence is considered to be a particularly vulnerable period given that the brain is experiencing dramatic developmental change during this time. The present study examined a sample of adolescents (N = 125) considered to be at high risk for stress exposures and drug use by virtue of their environment and low income levels to identify possible neurocognitive (i.e., impulsivity, delay of gratification, emotional perception, and risky decision-making) and social competency mechanisms that may mediate this relationship. Using Mplus, a mediational model was tested using full information maximum likelihood estimates. Risky decision-making and poor social competency skills were related to previous stressful experiences; however, only social competencies mediated the effect of stressors on reports of past year marijuana, alcohol, and polydrug use. As such, stress appears to exert its negative impact through alterations in abilities to generate and execute prosocial decisions and behaviors. Interventions that directly address the effects of stress on social competencies may be especially important for children who have experienced adversity including those exposed to parental divorce, parental psychopathology, neglect or abuse, parental death, and poverty.

show abstract

“…Muitas evidências sugerem que, em humanos, a exposição a estresse (por exemplo abuso sexual ou negligência) em fases precoces da vida está associada ao desenvolvimento de transtornos comportamentais, entre estes o abuso e dependência de substâncias psicoativas (Thadani, 2002).…”

Section: Estresse E Ontogêneseunclassified

Ontogênese, estresse e dependência de substâncias psicoativas

Planeta

Cruz

Marin

et al. 2007

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Farm.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

O estudo da dependência de substâncias psicoativas apresentou grandes avanços conceituais nas últimas décadas. A evolução dos conceitos foi paralela às evidências científicas que têm revelado os aspectos comportamentais e os mecanismos neurais envolvidos INTRODUÇÃO Conceitos e teoriasA dependência de substâncias psicoativas é caracterizada por um conjunto de sintomas indicativos de que o indivíduo perdeu o controle do uso da substância e o mantém a despeito das suas conseqüências adversas. Na sua forma extrema, a dependência caracteriza-se pelo uso compulsivo da substância (O'Brien, 2005).Nos primeiros estudos sistemáticos com o objetivo de entender a farmacodependência predominaram as investigações das conseqüências aversivas decorrentes da interrupção do uso das substâncias. Isso se deve ao fato de que os primeiros estudos foram realizados com opióides e etanol, os quais produzem tolerância e síndrome de abstinência marcantes (Jaffe, 1990).Os sintomas clássicos da síndrome de abstinência como, por exemplo, sudorese, náusea, cãibras, convulsões e taquicardia observadas após a interrupção do uso de opióides ou etanol, são evidentes e podem ser mensurados objetivamente. Assim, a dependência a essas substâncias foi denominada dependência física (Wise, Bozarth, 1987).A dependência física é um estado que resulta das

show abstract

The intersection of stress, drug abuse and development

Cited by 25 publications

References 63 publications

Longitudinal analysis of health outcomes after exposure to toxics, Willits California, 1991–2012: application of the cohort-period (cross-sequential) design

Longitudinal analysis of health outcomes after exposure to toxics, Willits California, 1991–2012: application of the cohort-period (cross-sequential) design

Mediators of the Stress–Substance–Use Relationship in Urban Male Adolescents

Ontogênese, estresse e dependência de substâncias psicoativas

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About