The intersectionality framework and identity intersections in the Journal of Counseling Psychology and The Counseling Psychologist: A content analysis.

Shin, Richard Q.; Welch, Jamie C.; Kaya, Aylin; Yeung, Jeffrey G.; Obana, Chynna; Sharma, Rajni; Vernay, Collin N.; Yee, Stephanie E.

doi:10.1037/cou0000204

Cited by 78 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In statistical terms, race and gender should be conceptualized as effect modifiers rather than confounders [ 57 ]. Conceptually, these findings and arguments are in line with the intersectionality framework [ 63 , 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Social Determinants of Depression: The Intersections of Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status

2017

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Background: Despite the wealth of literature on social determinants of mental health, less is known about the intersection of these determinants. Using a nationally representative sample, this study aimed to study separate, additive, and multiplicative effects of race, gender, and SES on the risk of major depressive episode (MDE) among American adults. Methods: National Survey of American Life (NSAL) included 3570 African Americans and 891 Whites. Race, gender, socioeconomic status (SES, household income, education, employment, and marital status) were independent variables. Twelve-month MDE was measured by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). A series of logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Results: In the pooled sample, race and household income, but not gender, education, employment, and marital status were associated with 12-month MDE. Gender interacted with the effects of income on MDE, suggesting that the association between household income and MDE is larger for women than men. In race by gender specific models that controlled for other SES indicators, high income was protective for White women, education was protective for African American women, and high income became a risk factor for African American men. High income did not show a risk effect for African American men in the absence of other SES indicators. Conclusions: Findings suggest that race, gender, and class interact on how SES indicators, such as education or income, become a protective or a risk factor for MDE among American Adults. When the outcome is MDE, White women benefit more from income, African American women gain from education, however, the residual effect of high income (above and beyond education, employment, and marital status) may become a risk factor for African American men.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Social Determinants of Depression: The Intersections of Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status

2017

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“…In statistical terms, race, SES, and place should be conceptualized as effect modifiers (moderators) that change the direction or magnitude of the effects of risk and protective factors [ 106 ]. These findings advocate for application of the intersectionality framework to study experiences and vulnerabilities across each unique sub-section of the society [ 107 , 108 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression among Black Youth; Interaction of Class and Place

2018

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Although high socioeconomic status (SES) is traditionally conceptualized as a health protective factor, recent literature has documented positive associations between SES (e.g., income) and depression among Blacks, including Black youth. To extend the results of this recent literature, the current study used the Family and Community Health Study (FACHS) data to examine the multiplicative effects of gender, place, and SES on average depressive symptoms of Black youth over a long period of time. FACHS, 1997–2017, followed 889 Black children aged 10–12 years old for up to 18 years. Depressive symptoms were measured in seven waves. The main predictors of interest were two SES indicators, parent education and family income measured at baseline (1997). Main outcome of interest was average depressive symptoms over the 18 year follow up period. Place of residence and gender were the focal moderators. Linear regression models were used for data analysis. In the pooled sample, living in a predominantly White area was associated with higher average depressive symptoms over time, however, this association was fully explained by higher perceived racial discrimination in the predominantly White areas. We found an interaction between income and place of residence on average depressive symptoms, suggesting that higher income is associated with more depressive symptoms in predominantly White compared to predominantly Black areas. Place did not interact with parent education on average depressive symptoms. Gender also did not interact with education or income on depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that place and SES may interact on depressive symptoms of Black youth, with high income becoming a risk factor for depressive symptoms in predominantly White areas. How SES indicators, such as income, protect or become a risk factor depend on other contextual factors, such as place of residence. There is a need to reduce discrimination experienced by Blacks, especially in predominantly White areas. Meanwhile, Black youth who live in predominantly White areas may require additional help that enhances their coping.

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“…This type of qualitative analysis is appropriate for this study because we were analyzing archival textual data from counseling licensing boards (Schreier, 2012; Stemler, 2001). Researchers in counseling have used this research methodology to explore textual data in the profession (e.g., Evans, 2013; Shin et al, 2017; Webber et al, 2017). This study was approved by the institutional review board at the authors’ university.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Ethical Complaints Leading to Professional Counseling Licensing Boards Disciplinary Actions

Wilkinson

Smith

Wimberly

2019

Jour of Counseling & Develop

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This article presents findings of a content analysis of the types of ethical violations that led to disciplinary actions (N = 936) across state counseling licensing boards for professional counselors during the time frame of 2010 to 2014. The most frequent types of ethical violations included failure to acquire the appropriate amount of continuing education, dual relationships (sexual and nonsexual), and misrepresentation of credentials. Implications of the findings and future research needs are discussed.

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The intersectionality framework and identity intersections in the Journal of Counseling Psychology and The Counseling Psychologist: A content analysis.

Cited by 78 publications

References 64 publications

Social Determinants of Depression: The Intersections of Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status

Social Determinants of Depression: The Intersections of Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status

Depression among Black Youth; Interaction of Class and Place

Trends in Ethical Complaints Leading to Professional Counseling Licensing Boards Disciplinary Actions

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