The Intertwined Evolution of Narcissism and Short‐Term Mating

Holtzman, Nicholas S.; Strube, Michael

doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch19

Cited by 57 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…This new finding is purely descriptive, begging for functional explanations. One such functional explanation, offered by Holtzman and Strube (2010a), integrates evidence that narcissists are more attractive than average (Holtzman & Strube, 2010b), and that narcissists are slightly more inclined to have sexually-coercive tendencies (Bushman, Bonacci, van Dijk, & Baumeister, 2003). Holtzman and Strube argue that one possible functional explanation of why these patterns tend to co-exist in narcissists is that the viability of short-term mating may have molded narcissism over evolutionary time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clearly, much more research is needed to systematically explore the potential evolutionary functions of narcissism. See Holtzman and Strube (2010a) for potential falsification tests and extensions of this emerging hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lucky for them, they have recently received a considerable amount of it from academic psychologists, especially in laboratory settings (e.g., Back, Schmukle, & Egloff, 2010; Bushman & Baumeister, 1998; Campbell, Foster, & Finkel, 2002; Miller et al, 2009). This laboratory research has led to several wide-reaching theories about why narcissists do what they do (Holtzman & Strube, 2010a; Morf & Rhodewalt, 2001; Twenge & Campbell, 2009; Vazire & Funder, 2006). Despite all this attention from researchers, however, we still know little about what narcissists actually do in their everyday lives.…”

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Sounds like a narcissist: Behavioral manifestations of narcissism in everyday life

Holtzman

Vazire

Mehl

2010

Journal of Research in Personality

Self Cite

155

114

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Little is known about narcissists' everyday behavior. The goal of this study was to describe how narcissism is manifested in everyday life. Using the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), we obtained naturalistic behavior from participants' everyday lives. The results suggest that the defining characteristics of narcissism that have been established from questionnaire and laboratory-based studies are borne out in narcissists' day-to-day behaviors. Narcissists do indeed behave in more extraverted and less agreeable ways than non-narcissists, skip class more (among narcissists high in exploitativeness/entitlement only), and use more sexual language. Furthermore, we found that the link between narcissism and disagreeable behavior is strengthened when controlling for self-esteem, thus extending prior questionnaire-based findings (Paulhus, Robins, Trzesniewski, & Tracy, 2004) to observed, real-world behavior. Keywordsnarcissism; behavior; personality traits; sexual behavior; language use Narcissists love attention. Lucky for them, they have recently received a considerable amount of it from academic psychologists, especially in laboratory settings (e.g., Back, Schmukle, & Egloff, 2010;Bushman & Baumeister, 1998;Campbell, Foster, & Finkel, 2002;Miller et al., 2009). This laboratory research has led to several wide-reaching theories about why narcissists do what they do (Holtzman & Strube, 2010a;Morf & Rhodewalt, 2001;Twenge & Campbell, 2009;Vazire & Funder, 2006). Despite all this attention from researchers, however, we still know little about what narcissists actually do in their everyday lives. The aim of this paper is to help create an empirical basis for a more complete understanding of narcissism by exploring behavioral manifestations of narcissism in everyday life. Thus, we intend to answer a simple, yet largely unanswered question: What do narcissists do on a day-to-day basis? Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. The surge in narcissism research in the last 20 years has led to the development and validation of new instruments to measure narcissism, to landmark experiments, and to lively theoretical debates. However, most of this work has relied on self-reports and laboratory studies. While the existing body of research on narcissism has led to a much better understanding of the intrapsychic and interpersonal processes that define narcissism (Campbell, et al., 2002;Paulhus, 1998), there are several reasons to think that the scientific portrait of narcissists remains incomplete without naturalistic behavioral observation (Baumeister, Vohs, & Funder, 2...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sounds like a narcissist: Behavioral manifestations of narcissism in everyday life

Holtzman

Vazire

Mehl

2010

Journal of Research in Personality

Self Cite

155

114

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“…This might, for example, include analyses of romantic relationships from dating to mating to relating (Asendorpf, Penke, & Back, 2011), particularly as short-term mating can be considered an important evolutionary niche for narcissists (Holtzman & Strube, 2011;Jonason, Li, Webster, & Schmitt, 2009). In addition, we assessed peer reports and interpersonal perceptions during group interactions from the self, target, and perceiver perspectives and sampled a multitude of directly observed behaviors.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: Disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism.

Back¹,

Küfner²,

Dufner³

et al. 2013

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

918

105

1,519

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We present a process model that distinguishes 2 dimensions of narcissism: admiration and rivalry. We propose that narcissists' overarching goal of maintaining a grandiose self is pursued by 2 separate pathways, characterized by distinct cognitive, affective-motivational, and behavioral processes. In a set of 7 studies, we validated this 2-dimensional model using the newly developed Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (NARQ). We showed that narcissistic admiration and rivalry are positively correlated dimensions, yet they have markedly different nomological networks and distinct intra- and interpersonal consequences. The NARQ showed the hypothesized 2-dimensional multifaceted structure as well as very good internal consistencies (Study 1, N = 953), stabilities (Study 2, N = 93), and self-other agreements (Study 3, N = 96). Narcissistic admiration and rivalry showed unique relations to the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), the Big Five, self-esteem, pathological narcissism, and other narcissism-related traits like Machiavellianism, psychopathy, self-enhancement, and impulsivity (Study 4, Ns = 510-1,814). Despite the positive relation between admiration and rivalry, the 2 differentially predicted general interpersonal orientations and reactions to transgressions in friendships and romantic relationships (Study 5, N = 1,085), interpersonal perceptions during group interactions (Study 6, N = 202), and observed behaviors in experimental observations (Study 7, N = 96). For all studies, the NARQ outperformed the standard measure of narcissism, the NPI, in predicting outcome measures. Results underscore the utility of a 2-dimensional conceptualization and measurement of narcissism.

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“…Dufner, Rauthmann, Czarna, & Denissen, ; Rauthmann & Kolar, ). In their evolutionary theory, Holtzman and Strube () hypothesize that narcissism is associated with higher mate value, which might be due to a (small) correlation between physical attractiveness (PA) and narcissism (Holtzman & Strube, ). Moreover, narcissists are perceived not only as physically attractive but also as charming (Back, Schmukle, & Egloff, ), which seems to be a fruitful constellation for mating success.…”

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confidence: 99%

How Alluring Are Dark Personalities? the Dark Triad and Attractiveness in Speed Dating

et al. 2016

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Dark Triad traits (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) are linked to the pursuit of short-term mating strategies, but they may have differential effects on actual mating success in naturalistic scenarios: Narcissism may be a facilitator for men's short-term mating success, while Machiavellianism and psychopathy may be detrimental. To date, little is known about the attractiveness of Dark Triad traits in women. In a speed-dating study, we assessed participants' Dark Triad traits, Big Five personality traits, and physical attractiveness in N = 90 heterosexual individuals (46 women and 44 men). Each participant rated each partner's mate appeal for short-and long-term relationships. Across both sexes, narcissism was positively associated with mate appeal for short-and long-term relationships. Further analyses indicated that these associations were due to the shared variance among narcissism and extraversion in men and narcissism and physical attractiveness in women, respectively. In women, psychopathy was also positively associated with mate appeal for short-term relationships. Regarding mating preferences, narcissism was found to involve greater choosiness in the rating of others' mate appeal (but not actual choices) in men, while psychopathy was associated with greater openness towards short-term relationships in women.

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The Intertwined Evolution of Narcissism and Short‐Term Mating

Cited by 57 publications

References 74 publications

Sounds like a narcissist: Behavioral manifestations of narcissism in everyday life

Sounds like a narcissist: Behavioral manifestations of narcissism in everyday life

Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: Disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism.

How Alluring Are Dark Personalities? the Dark Triad and Attractiveness in Speed Dating

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