“…70 Theme 2-Individual Traditional The authors of most studies (n = 24) reported that individual risks of HDP included a high pregestational body mass index/weight, using assisted reproductive technology, increased maternal cardiac output, increased maternal age, nulliparity, pregestational diabetes, and personal and family history of an HDP. [43][44][45][46][47][48]50,51,53,55,[58][59][60][61][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]73,77,78 However, having a reduction in pregestational body mass index alone was not a protective factor against preeclampsia among African American women in the United States. 48,55 Comorbidities such as diabetes, chronic hypertension, renal disease, lupus, antiphospholipid syndrome, and a history of periodontal disease/ treatment were linked to an HDP.…”