“…Studies consistently show that higher education levels are associated with a reduced risk of depression and may have a protective effect on mental health. This association has been found in various countries including England , Finland , Netherlands (de Graaf et al, 2012;, Germany Kroh & Prechsl, 2023), Norway (Dalgard et al, 2007), other European countries , Australia (Powdthavee et al, 2013;Sperandei et al, 2023), the United States (Bauldry, 2015;Cohen et al, 2020;Murrell et al, 2003), and around the world Graeber, 2017;.…”