The Intestinal Epithelial Barrier: Does It Become Impaired with Age?

Meier, Johannes; Sturm, Andreas

doi:10.1159/000228556

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Ageing is a very complex process that shows symptoms of chronodisruption that produces sleep disturbances (30) and other physiological or psychological dysfunctions (2), including impaired nutrient absorption (37,47), immunosenescence (9,31,48), decrease in hormone levels (38), and neuronal cell death (20,40). The elderly rats used in our research showed such chronodisruption symptoms as an increase in diurnal activity (sleep time) and intraday variability in locomotor activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Activity/inactivity circadian rhythm shows high similarities between young obesity-induced rats and old rats

Bravo

Delgado

Juánez

et al. 2016

Acta Physiologica Hungarica

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The objective of the present study was to compare differences between elderly rats and young obesity-induced rats in their activity/inactivity circadian rhythm. The investigation was motivated by the differences reported previously for the circadian rhythms of both obese and elderly humans (and other animals), and those of healthy, young or mature individuals. Three groups of rats were formed: a young control group which was fed a standard chow for rodents; a young obesity-induced group which was fed a high-fat diet for four months; and an elderly control group with rats aged 2.5 years that was fed a standard chow for rodents. Activity/inactivity data were registered through actimetry using infrared actimeter systems in each cage to detect activity. Data were logged on a computer and chronobiological analysis were performed. The results showed diurnal activity (sleep time), nocturnal activity (awake time), amplitude, acrophase, and interdaily stability to be similar between the young obesity-induced group and the elderly control group, but different in the young control group. We have concluded that obesity leads to a chronodisruption status in the body similar to the circadian rhythm degradation observed in the elderly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Activity/inactivity circadian rhythm shows high similarities between young obesity-induced rats and old rats

Bravo

Delgado

Juánez

et al. 2016

Acta Physiologica Hungarica

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“…Aging is a very complex process that is related to circadian rhythm disruption and produces sleep disturbances (Huang et al 2002) and other physiological or psychological dysfunctions (Barnard and Nolan 2008) including impaired nutrient absorption (Meier and Sturm 2009;Woudstra and Thomson 2002), immunosenescence (Canizzo et al 2011;Hutt et al 2010;Ortega et al 2000), decrease in hormone levels (Ferrari and Magri 2008), or neuronal death (Shankar 2010;Qureshi and Parvez 2007). Adequate daily sleep is an important part of a healthy and productive lifestyle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tryptophan-enriched cereal intake improves nocturnal sleep, melatonin, serotonin, and total antioxidant capacity levels and mood in elderly humans

Bravo

Matito²,

Juánez

et al. 2012

AGE

152

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Melatonin and serotonin rhythms, which exhibit a close association with the endogenous circadian component of sleep, are attenuated with increasing age. This decrease seems to be linked to sleep alterations in the elderly. Chrononutrition is a field of chronobiology that establishes the principle of consuming foodstuffs at times of the day when they are more useful for health, improving, therefore, biorhythms and physical performance. Our aim was to analyze whether the consumption of cereals enriched with tryptophan, the precursor of both serotonin and melatonin, may help in the reconsolidation of the sleep/wake cycle and counteract depression and anxiety in 35 middle-aged/elderly (aged 55-75 year) volunteers in a simple blind assay. Data were collected for 3 weeks according to the following schedule: The control week participants consumed standard cereals (22.5 mg tryptophan in 30 g cereals per dose) at breakfast and dinner; for the treatment week, cereals enriched with a higher dose of tryptophan (60 mg tryptophan in 30 g cereals per dose) were eaten at both breakfast and dinner; the posttreatment week volunteers consumed their usual diet. Each participant wore a wrist actimeter that logged activity during the whole experiment. Urine was collected to analyze melatonin and serotonin urinary metabolites and to measure total antioxidant capacity. The consumption of cereals containing the higher dose in tryptophan increased sleep efficiency, actual sleep time, immobile time, and decreased total nocturnal activity, sleep fragmentation index, and sleep latency. Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels, and urinary total antioxidant capacity also increased respectively after tryptophan-enriched cereal ingestion as well as improving anxiety and depression symptoms. Cereals enriched

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“…Special interest has been focussed on the intestine [41]. With aging of the intestinal epithelium, ischemic changes, low-grade inflammation and the increased use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs hamper the normal function and regenerative capacity of the epithelial barrier which can lead to a mucosal injury [26] [42]. In addition, hypertension has been proposed to induce a low-grade inflammation in the gut epithelium [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aging is associated with structural and functional mucosal defects, diminished immune defence, increased inflammation due to oxidative stress, and dysfunction of the epithelial barrier [26] [27]. Low-grade, chronic, systemic inflammation in aging without infection e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Intestinal ACE-Like Activity and Corticosterone Production in Hypertensive and Aging Rats

Salmenkari¹,

Holappa²,

Siltari³

et al. 2018

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The renin angiotensin system (RAS) participates in inflammatory processes, as either a pro-inflammatory or an anti-inflammatory mediator. Components of RAS, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), have been detected locally in the gut epithelium. In addition, the anti-inflammatory steroid, corticosterone, is produced in the gut. Hypertension and aging evoke a low-grade inflammatory process in the vascular endothelium. It is not known whether they induce a similar low-grade inflammation in the intestine and if the low-grade inflammation would evoke an activation of ACE and an elevation of corticosterone production. These two variables were measured in ileum and colon of 9-and 26-week old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WK) controls. ACE-activity, measured via the formation of histidyl-leucine from hippuryl-histidyl-leucine in the tissue homogenate samples, was similar in the ileum and colon of young animals although the ileum of the young normotensive animals displayed the lowest level. In the old animals, the ACE activity was higher in the ileum than in the colon, especially in normotensive rats. Corticosterone production was measured as corticosterone concentration in the supernatants of ileum or colon after a 90-min ex vivo incubation. Corticosterone production was higher in ileum than in colon in both SHR and WK. No clear evidence was seen for age-dependency or for an effect of hypertension in the measured variables in the intestine. Thus, the putative low-grade inflammation in the intestine in aging or hypertension is not a strong enough stimulus to elevate corticosterone production or activate ACE.

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The Intestinal Epithelial Barrier: Does It Become Impaired with Age?

Cited by 46 publications

References 118 publications

Activity/inactivity circadian rhythm shows high similarities between young obesity-induced rats and old rats

Activity/inactivity circadian rhythm shows high similarities between young obesity-induced rats and old rats

Tryptophan-enriched cereal intake improves nocturnal sleep, melatonin, serotonin, and total antioxidant capacity levels and mood in elderly humans

Local Intestinal ACE-Like Activity and Corticosterone Production in Hypertensive and Aging Rats

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