The intestinal flora of the chicken in the period 2 to 6 weeks of age, with particular reference to the anaerobic bacteria

Barnes, Ella M.; Mead, G. C.; Barnum, D A; Harry, E.G.

doi:10.1080/00071667208415953

Cited by 267 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…By 3-4 weeks the SPF intestinal flora had stabilized to consist of seven species. The results presented in this paper thus differ significantly from the earlier reports by Ochi, Mitsuoka & Sega (1964) and Barnes et al (1972), who reported that lactobacilli are the only organisms present in the small intestine from 2-6 weeks of age. In contrast to their findings, we found that coliforms, faecal streptococci and Proteus spp.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…(See later in Discussion). A further variation from Barnes et al (1972) is noted in total numbers of caecal micro-organisms as 100-fold less (109/g) in SPF chickens. This may reflect the lack of constant environmental challenge in SPF isolators together with a lack of microbial by-products that enhance microbial proliferation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Media for selective isolation or differentiation of individual species were prepared as described by Barnes et al (1972).…”

Section: Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of the normal gastrointestinal microflora of specific pathogen-free chickens

Coloe

Bagust

Ireland

1984

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThe development of the normal intestinal microflora of the small intestine, caecum and large intestine of specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, was studied in the period from hatching to 84 days of age.No bacteria were detected in any of the sites at hatchery (day 1), but by day 3 significant levels of faecal streptococci and coliforms were isolated from all sites. The flora of the small intestine was limited to faecal streptococci and coliforms for the first 40 days and then lactobacilli became established and dominated the flora.A large variety of facultative and strictly anaerobic organisms colonized the caecum. Many of these species were transient and were only present for a limited period; after 40 days the flora stabilized to consist predominantly of faecal streptococci, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides spp. and Lactobacillus sp.The flora of the large intestine was composed of organisms also present in the small intestine or the caecum.These findings differ from previously published studies on conventionally reared chickens in that the number of species isolated and the population levels of organisms are much lower. This probably reflects the absence of continuous environmental challenge to the chickens because of the housing and feeding facilities in which the chickens were maintained.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Development of the normal gastrointestinal microflora of specific pathogen-free chickens

Coloe

Bagust

Ireland

1984

J. Hyg.

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“…The possibility that uric acid may be utilized anaerobically by various types of bacteria in the chicken caecum has been discussed by Barnes et al (1972).…”

Section: R E S U L T S a N D Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially cultures were streaked on double-layered agar plates incorporating a I yo (w/v) suspension of uric acid (Sigma) in the upper layer and 0.1 yo in the lower layer (Schefferle, 1965;Barnes, Mead, Barnum & Harry, 1972). Positive strains produced zones of clearing in the suspended uric acid within 10 days at 37 "C. However, the following method generally gave more rapid positive results and required less uric acid in the test medium.…”

Section: Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%