The Intestinal Microflora During the First Weeks of Life

Bezirtzoglou, Eugenia

doi:10.1006/anae.1997.0102

Cited by 134 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Environment. At birth, the intestines of infants are sterile (76) ; however, within a few hours, bacteria are detectable in faeces. Initially, these are facultative aerobes; thereafter, through consumption of oxygen by these bacteria, follows colonisation with strict anaerobes (76) .…”

Section: Main Determinants Affecting Intestinal Microbiota Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of pigs as a potential model for research into dietary modulation of the human gut microbiota

2013

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The human intestinal microbial ecosystem plays an important role in maintaining health. A multitude of diseases including diarrhoea, gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, such as necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) of neonates, and obesity are linked to microbial composition and metabolic activity. Therefore, research on possible dietary strategies influencing microbial composition and activity, both preventive and curative, is being accomplished. Interest has focused on pre-and probiotics that stimulate the intestinal production of beneficial bacterial metabolites such as butyrate, and beneficially affect microbial composition. The suitability of an animal model to study dietary linked diseases is of much concern. The physiological similarity between humans and pigs in terms of digestive and associated metabolic processes places the pig in a superior position over other non-primate models. Furthermore, the pig is a human-sized omnivorous animal with comparable nutritional requirements, and shows similarities to the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. Also, the pig has been used as a model to assess microbiota -health interactions, since pigs exhibit similar syndromes to humans, such as NEC and partly weanling diarrhoea. In contrast, when using rodent models to study diet -microbiota -health interactions, differences between rodents and humans have to be considered. For example, studies with mice and human subjects assessing possible relationships between the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota and the development of obesity have shown inconsistencies in results between studies. The present review displays the similarities and differences in intestinal microbial ecology between humans and pigs, scrutinising the pig as a potential animal model, with regard to possible health effects.

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Section: Main Determinants Affecting Intestinal Microbiota Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of pigs as a potential model for research into dietary modulation of the human gut microbiota

2013

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“…In breast-fed infants, the microbiota is less diverse and is dominated by Bifidobacterium species, while a more diverse microbiota develops only after complementary feeding commences. In contrast, the bacterial composition of formulafed infants is dominated by members of diverse genera (Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Bifidobacterium) (1,9). Intestinal colonization influences diverse physiological functions, which may have an impact on the host's health and disease risk (16,18,25).…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Environmental and Genetic Factors Linked to Celiac Disease Risk on Infant Gut Colonization by Bacteroides Species

Sánchez

Palma

Capilla

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

121

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Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy involving genetic and environmental factors whose interaction might influence disease risk. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of milk-feeding practices and the HLA-DQ genotype on intestinal colonization of Bacteroides species in infants at risk of CD development. This study included 75 full-term newborns with at least one first-degree relative suffering from CD. Infants were classified according to milk-feeding practice (breast-feeding or formula feeding) and HLA-DQ genotype (high or low genetic risk). Stools were analyzed at 7 days, 1 month, and 4 months by PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The Bacteroides species diversity index was higher in formula-fed infants than in breast-fed infants. Breast-fed infants showed a higher prevalence of Bacteroides uniformis at 1 and 4 months of age, while formula-fed infants had a higher prevalence of B. intestinalis at all sampling times, of B. caccae at 7 days and 4 months, and of B. plebeius at 4 months. Infants with high genetic risk showed a higher prevalence of B. vulgatus, while those with low genetic risk showed a higher prevalence of B. ovatus, B. plebeius, and B. uniformis. Among breast-fed infants, the prevalence of B. uniformis was higher in those with low genetic risk than in those with high genetic risk. Among formula-fed infants, the prevalence of B. ovatus and B. plebeius was increased in those with low genetic risk, while the prevalence of B. vulgatus was higher in those with high genetic risk. The results indicate that both the type of milk feeding and the HLA-DQ genotype influence the colonization process of Bacteroides species, and possibly the disease risk.

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“…Administration of antibiotics alters the intestinal microfl ora in humans rendering them more sensitive to infections. In livestock, a similar condition was observed under intensive rearing with the use of antibiotics as feed additives (Bezirtzoglou, 1997;Bezirtzoglou and Romond, 1997). Intestinal enterococcal isolates have been shown to be particularly resistant to antimicrobial agents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

Survey of probiotic enterococci from traditional dairy products and their impact upon the infant intestinal microbiota

Vassos

Bezirtzoglou

Voidarou

et al. 2009

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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The Intestinal Microflora During the First Weeks of Life

Cited by 134 publications

References 12 publications

Use of pigs as a potential model for research into dietary modulation of the human gut microbiota

Use of pigs as a potential model for research into dietary modulation of the human gut microbiota

Influence of Environmental and Genetic Factors Linked to Celiac Disease Risk on Infant Gut Colonization by Bacteroides Species

Survey of probiotic enterococci from traditional dairy products and their impact upon the infant intestinal microbiota

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