The Intestinal Microflora of Sea Lions Reared in an Aquarium

Sugita, Haruo; Takanashi, Yoji; Sasaki, Yasuhiro; Nishina, Tomohiro; Aono, Eiji; Fujimoto, Asami; Deguchi, Yoshiaki

doi:10.2331/fishsci.62.321

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…There is thus little doubt that the Canadian beaver has an effective anaerobic population of microorganisms capable of dealing with cellulose in the diet. It is now known that the intestinal bacteria of sea lions (Zalophus californianus and Ofaria mescens) differ considerably from the bacteria common on the fish they eat or in the seawater in which the sea lions live (Sugita et al 1996). These animals are carnivores but unlike the very large leatherback turtles the sea lions have a very diverse diet probably free of trans acids.…”

Section: Beavers and We Nonruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HAS EVOLUTION AND LONG‐TERM COEXISTENCE ADAPTED US TO COPE WITH TRANS FATTY ACIDS?

Ackman

1997

Journal of Food Lipids

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Dietitians, nutritionists, and the fats and oils industry have all apparently succumbed to the near‐panic generated by reports that hydrogenated fats containing trans acids will alter the HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio in human blood lipids in a way presumed to create a greater risk of heart attacks. The fact that bacterial and plant trans fatty acids have always been a part of the diets and biochemistry of the lower animals that evolved over billions of years into humans, at least several million years ago, is ignored. In terms of evolution we actually followed the same diets until very recently, with ruminant fats regularly contributing up to 5%trans acids in the fats eaten by hunters and later in foods for most agriculturists. The Canadian beaver living on a diet rich in cellulose, has recently been discovered to deposit trans acids in its depot fats. The proposed increase in fiber in our diets may similarly change our intestinal microflora and create more trans acids. Are they absorbed? Are they really hazardous? Are all these sudden changes in dietary recommendations really necessary when the lifespan of the well‐fed western peoples steadily increases?

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Section: Beavers and We Nonruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HAS EVOLUTION AND LONG‐TERM COEXISTENCE ADAPTED US TO COPE WITH TRANS FATTY ACIDS?

Ackman

1997

Journal of Food Lipids

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“…1988). Sugita et al. (1996b) reported that the intestinal flora of the South American sea lion was somewhat similar to terrestrial mammals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clostridium baratii is a spore-forming, obligate anaerobe that has been isolated from soil and the human intestines (Sneath 1986;Suen et al 1988). Sugita et al (1996b) reported that the intestinal flora of the South American sea lion was somewhat similar to terrestrial mammals. Therefore, these findings suggest that the chitinase produced by members of the genus Clostridium such as C. baratii or C. baratii-like bacteria play an important role in degradation of chitin in the intestinal tract of the South American sea lion and in marine environments to some extent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pinniped animals are regarded as one of the most voracious consumers in marine ecosystems and commonly ingest chitin‐containing foods such as crustaceans and molluscs (Lalli and Parsons 1993). Sugita et al. (1996a,b) found that anaerobic bacteria such as clostridia and members of the Bacteroidaceae are the predominant components of the intestinal tracts of pinnipeds, and that many of these anaerobes were capable of degrading chitin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Purification and characterization of chitinases from Clostridium sp. E-16 isolated from the intestinal tract of the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens)

Konagaya

Tsuchiya

Sugita

2006

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Aims: This study was undertaken to examine the properties of chitinases purified from Clostridium sp. E‐16, an intestinal bacterium of the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens). We also elucidated the taxonomic status of this bacterium to better understand the role of intestinal anaerobic bacteria in marine animals. Methods and Results: Two chitinases were purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography and preparative electrophoresis from culture supernatant fluid from Clostridium sp. E‐16. Molecular mass was estimated to be 77 kDa for chitinase 1 and 98 kDa for chitinase 2 by SDS‐PAGE. Optimum pH of both purified chitinases was between 5·0 and 7·0. Chitinase 1 was inhibited with Cu2+, Fe2+, Hg2+ and Zn2+, while chitinase 2 was inhibited with Fe2+. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences and phenotypic characterization revealed that Clostridium sp. E‐16 was closely related to Clostridium baratii. Conclusions: It is likely that chitinases from C. baratii or a C. baratii‐like bacterium play an important role in degradation of chitin in the intestinal tract of the South American sea lion and in marine environments. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first report of chitinase purification and characterization from a marine Clostridium strain.

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“…Las muestras fueron sembradas en Agar MacConkey (Oxoid), Agar XLD (Xilosa-Lisina-Desoxicolato) (Oxoid), las que fueron incubadas a 37°C por 24 h. A las colonias sospechosas (redondas, solevantadas, convexas, de bordes regulares, lactosa positivas o negativas en Agar MacConkey y del color del medio -rojas-con o sin punto negro central en Agar XLD), se les realizó la prueba de oxidasa para diferenciarlas de bacilos Gram negativos pertenecientes a los géneros Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas y Vibrios. La identificación se efectuó mediante pruebas bioquímicas (Koneman et al 2006) Sugita et al (1996) habían realizado un estudio de la microbiota del lobo común sudamericano, O. flavescens, en cautiverio, en el que informaban el aislamiento de bacterias de la familia Enterobacteriaceae, aunque sin 332 González-Fuentes et al Enterobacteriaceae en heces de Otaria flavescens identificar las especies. En el presente estudio, fueron aisladas 9 especies de enterobacterias (Tabla 2), lo que concuerda con los resultados publicados por Higgins (2000), quien realizó una revisión sobre las bacterias y hongos aislados de diferentes sitios anatómicos de varios animales marinos como el león marino de California (Zalophus californianus) y el delfín mular (Tursiops truncatus).…”

Section: Materials Y Métodosunclassified

Especies de la familia Enterobacteriaceae en heces de lobo marino común, Otaria flavescens establecido en el río Valdivia

González-Fuentes

Latif

Fernández

et al. 2010

Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr.

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This study aims to establish the isolation frequency of species of the family Enterobacteriaceae in fecal samples of South American common sea lion (Otaria flavescens). Thirty fecal samples were collected from the resting ground of an urban sea lions colony in Valdivia, southern Chile. The bacteria species and their isolation frequencies were Edwarsiella tarda (73%), Escherichia coli (70%), Hafnia alvei (33%), Morganella morganii (7%), Proteus mirabilis (7%), Klebsiella pnuemoniae subsp. pneumoniae (3%), Serratia rubidea (3%), Providencia rustigianii (3%) and Citrobacter braakii (3%).

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The Intestinal Microflora of Sea Lions Reared in an Aquarium

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

HAS EVOLUTION AND LONG‐TERM COEXISTENCE ADAPTED US TO COPE WITH TRANS FATTY ACIDS?

HAS EVOLUTION AND LONG‐TERM COEXISTENCE ADAPTED US TO COPE WITH TRANS FATTY ACIDS?

Purification and characterization of chitinases from Clostridium sp. E-16 isolated from the intestinal tract of the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens)

Especies de la familia Enterobacteriaceae en heces de lobo marino común, Otaria flavescens establecido en el río Valdivia

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