The intrinsic organization of the vestibular complex: evidence for internuclear connevtivity

Rubertone, Joseph A.; Mehler, William R.; Cox, G E

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)91210-6

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We detected Fos-ir neurons in the rat vestibular nuclear complex as early as P7. In that utricular afferents terminate mainly in the vestibular nuclei (Gacek, 1969;Rubertone et al, 1983;Imagawa et al, 1995), our observation implies that the connection between central otolith neurons and the utricular receptors only becomes functional by P7. At this age, central vestibular neurons are also capable of encoding signals arising from the utricle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Fos expression in otolith‐related brainstem neurons of postnatal rats following off‐vertical axis rotation

Lai

Tse

Shum

et al. 2004

J of Comparative Neurology

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To determine the critical time of responsiveness of developing otolith organ-related brainstem neurons and their distribution, Fos protein expression in response to off-vertical axis rotations (OVAR) was mapped in conscious Sprague Dawley rats from P5 to adulthood. OVAR was used to activate sequentially all utricular hair cells per 360 degrees revolution. We detected the coding of horizontal head positions in otolith organ-related neurons within the vestibular nucleus as early as P7. In the vestibular nuclear complex and its subgroups, the density of Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-ir) neurons increased steadily with age and reached the adult level by P21. In both labyrinthectomized rats subjected to OVAR and normal rats kept stationary, labeled neurons were found sporadically in the aforementioned brain regions in each age group, confirming that Fos labeling observed in neurons of normal experimental rats subjected to OVAR was due to otolith organ stimulation. Whereas OVAR-induced Fos-ir neurons were also first observed in vestibular-related brain areas, such as the prepositus hypoglossal nucleus, gigantocellular reticular nucleus, and locus coeruleus, of normal experimental rats at P7, those in the inferior olive were observed only from P14 onward. This indicates the unique maturation time of inferior olivary neurons in gravity-related spatial coding. In general, age-dependent increase in OVAR-induced Fos-ir neurons was observed in brain areas that received otolith inputs. The locus coeruleus was exceptional in that prominent OVAR-induced Fos-ir neuronal number did not change with maturation, and this was well above the low but significant number of Fos-ir neurons in control preparations. Taken together, our results suggest that neuronal subpopulations within the developing network of the horizontal otolith system provide an anatomical basis for the postnatal development of otolith organ-related sensorimotor functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 470:282-296, 2004.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Fos expression in otolith‐related brainstem neurons of postnatal rats following off‐vertical axis rotation

Lai

Tse

Shum

et al. 2004

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…In many mammals, the ventral portion of nucleus y receives saccular input (Gacek, 1969;Fredrickson and Trune, 1986;Kevetter and Perachio, 1986;Didier et al, 1987;Gstoettner et al, 1992;Naito et al, 1995), whereas the dorsal portion does not. The ventral portion, not the dorsal portion, participates in the vestibular commissural system (Gacek, 1978) and projects to the ipsilateral vestibular nuclei (Rubertone et al, 1983). In contrast, the dorsal portion of nucleus y receives the densest floccular outflow (Langer et al, 1985a) and projects to the oculomotor (Gacek, 1977;Highstein and Reisine, 1979;Steiger and Bü ttner-Ennever, 1979) and trochlear (Gacek, 1979) nuclei by means of the brachium conjunctivum.…”

Section: Projections To Accessory Vestibular Nucleimentioning

confidence: 98%

Central projections of the saccular and utricular nerves in macaques

Newlands

Vrabec

Purcell

et al. 2003

J of Comparative Neurology

102

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The central projections of the utricular and saccular nerve in macaques were examined using transganglionic labeling of vestibular afferent neurons. In these experiments, biotinylated dextran amine was injected directly into the saccular or utricular neuroepithelium of fascicularis (Macaca fascicularis) or rhesus (Macaca mulatta) monkeys. Two to 5 weeks later, the animals were killed and the peripheral vestibular sensory organs, brainstem, and cerebellum were collected for analysis. The principal brainstem areas of saccular nerve termination were lateral, particularly the spinal vestibular nucleus, the lateral portion of the superior vestibular nucleus, ventral nucleus y, the external cuneate nucleus, and cell group l. The principal cerebellar projection was to the uvula with a less dense projection to the nodulus. Principle brainstem areas of termination of the utricular nerve were the lateral/dorsal medial vestibular nucleus, ventral and lateral portions of the superior vestibular nucleus, and rostral portion of the spinal vestibular nucleus. In the cerebellum, a strong projection was observed to the nodulus and weak projections were present in the flocculus, ventral paraflocculus, bilateral fastigial nuclei, and uvula. Although there is extensive overlap of saccular and utricular projections, saccular inputs to the lateral portions of the vestibular nuclear complex suggest that saccular afferents contribute to the vestibulospinal system. In contrast, the utricular nerve projects more rostrally into areas of known concentration of vestibulo-ocular related cells. Although sparse, the projections of the utricle to the flocculus/ventral paraflocculus suggest a potential convergence with floccular projection inputs from the vestibular brainstem that have been implicated in vestibulo-ocular motor learning.

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“…MVe connections have been characterized in a variety of terrestrial species including frog (Montgomery, 1988), rat (Nagata, 1986;Shiroyama et al, 1999;Rubertone et al, 1983;Nishiike et al, 2000), gerbil (Kaufman et al, 1996b), opossum (Henkel and Martin, 1977), rabbit (Epema et al, 1988), cat (Raymond et al, 1974(Raymond et al, , 1976Kotchabhakdi et al, 1980;Maciewicz et al, 1982), and primate (Leichnetz, 1982;Brodal and Brodal, 1985). In this study, we describe the afferent and efferent connections of the hamster MVe using retrograde, anterograde, and transneuronal retrograde tract-tracing techniques.…”

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confidence: 94%

Medial vestibular connections with the hypocretin (orexin) system

2005

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The mammalian medial vestibular nucleus (MVe) receives input from all vestibular endorgans and provides extensive projections to the central nervous system. Recent studies have demonstrated projections from the MVe to the circadian rhythm system. In addition, there are known projections from the MVe to regions considered to be involved in sleep and arousal. In this study, afferent and efferent subcortical connectivity of the medial vestibular nucleus of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) was evaluated using cholera toxin subunit-B (retrograde), Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (anterograde), and pseudorabies virus (transneuronal retrograde) tract-tracing techniques. The results demonstrate MVe connections with regions mediating visuomotor and postural control, as previously observed in other mammals. The data also identify extensive projections from the MVe to regions mediating arousal and sleep-related functions, most of which receive immunohistochemically identified projections from the lateral hypothalamic hypocretin (orexin) neurons. These include the locus coeruleus, dorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei, dorsal raphe, and lateral preoptic area. The MVe itself receives a projection from hypocretin cells. CTB tracing demonstrated reciprocal connections between the MVe and most brain areas receiving MVe efferents. Virus tracing confirmed and extended the MVe afferent connections identified with CTB and additionally demonstrated transneuronal connectivity with the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the medial habenular nucleus. These anatomical data indicate that the vestibular system has access to a broad array of neural functions not typically associated with visuomotor, balance, or equilibrium, and that the MVe is likely to receive information from many of the same regions to which it projects.

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The intrinsic organization of the vestibular complex: evidence for internuclear connevtivity

Cited by 39 publications

References 16 publications

Fos expression in otolith‐related brainstem neurons of postnatal rats following off‐vertical axis rotation

Fos expression in otolith‐related brainstem neurons of postnatal rats following off‐vertical axis rotation

Central projections of the saccular and utricular nerves in macaques

Medial vestibular connections with the hypocretin (orexin) system

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