The Introduction of a Novel Virtual Reality Training System for Gynecology Learning and Its User Experience Research

Abstract

The researchers of this study designed a new virtual reality (VR)-assisted training system, IFOREAL, for gynecology students at their university and introduced it to potential trainees. Two versions of IFOREAL, each employing different devices, were developed. The consumer version uses a traditional LCD display and computer mouse, whereas the professional version utilizes a head-mounted display (HMD) and joystick controller for the virtual learning. Trainees watched simulated videos and interacted with the system to accomplish tasks. IFOREAL consists of several major learning modules of gynecology. This study used the normal spontaneous delivery module to research user experience and perceptions of the IFOREAL VR training system. The results suggested that most of the trainees' user experiences and perceptions of IFOREAL, using both the types of VR-assisted technology, were positively reported. Trainees who used the consumer version of IFOREAL perceived a stronger internal control, whereas trainees using the professional version perceived a better sense of virtual presence. Overall, trainees perceived the usefulness of the IFOREAL system which predicted their future intention to use the system and other similar VR-assisted training systems for learning. Furthermore, whether the virtual content of IFOREAL grabbed the trainees' attention predicted their future intenon to use professional devices of HMD/joysck for learning other subjects. The gender difference was also explored in the study. Generally speaking, female trainees gave better evaluations of IFOREAL compared to their male counterparts. They perceived a better internal control while using the consumer version than the professional version. Male trainees believed that the gadgets used in the professional version provided a better virtual presence and met their expectation of a virtual experience better. This study suggested that different versions of IFOREAL could serve trainees' different needs. Technology developers and trainers should tailor the application of different VR devices to assist with the training/learning in accordance with different conditions/trainees. INDEX TERMSVirtual reality, training/learning system, immersive and interactive design, user experience, acceptance and adoption of systems.

Towards estimating affective states in Virtual Reality based on behavioral data

“…The results for presence were on average 4.75/7 (SD = 1.07), which we consider reasonable. This is also confirmed by other recent VR studies yielding presence values in the same range (see Chang et al 2019;Zenner et al 2020). The average mental demand was 3.14/10 (SD = 2.01), which is rather on the lower end.…”

Are Modern Head-Mounted Displays Sexist? A Systematic Review on Gender Differences in HMD-Mediated Virtual Reality

“…An overview of these studies, their methodologies, and their findings are reported in Table 1 . Two of the included studies were published in 2016 (Allen et al, 2016 ; Robert et al, 2016 ), three in 2017 (Cárdenas-Delgado et al, 2017 ; Munafo et al, 2017 ; Wilson and Kinsela, 2017 ), eight in 2018 (An et al, 2018 ; Juan et al, 2018 ; Khashe et al, 2018 ; Melo et al, 2018 ; Mousas et al, 2018 ; Rangelova and Marsden, 2018 ; Roettl and Terlutter, 2018 ; Scheibler and Rodrigues, 2018 ), eight in 2019 (Al Zayer et al, 2019 ; Bracq et al, 2019 ; Chang et al, 2019 ; Clifton and Palmisano, 2019 ; Liang et al, 2019 ; Moroz et al, 2019 ; Narciso et al, 2019 ; Shafer et al, 2019 ), and one in 2020 (Curry et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Female participants achieved a higher level of spatial presence, realness, and overall presence when HMD was used to show 3D images (Narciso et al, 2019 ). According to one study, females were also more willing to adopt the use of HMD VR compared to males (Chang et al, 2019 ).…”

Examining the Effects of HMDs/FSDs and Gender Differences on Cognitive Processing Ability and User Experience of the Stroop Task-Embedded Virtual Reality Driving System (STEVRDS)

“…Self-report questions measuring a user's perception and experience of using the current STEVRDS were utilized to collect subjective data. These gauged constructs have been used in the context of either VR or AR to better understand users' evaluations of systems (e.g., [22]- [28]). To ensure the quality of the measurements for these constructs, this study borrowed/revised the scales from the authors' prior study on a VR gynecological training system (i.e., [22]), which were developed from relevant AR/VR research, early classical studies, or studies that have been frequently cited in articles about information/computer systems and technologies.…”