The Introduction of Cultivated Citrus to Europe via Northern Africa and the Iberian Peninsula

Ramón-Laca, Luís

doi:10.1663/0013-0001(2003)057[0502:tiocct]2.0.co;2

Cited by 58 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This ethnopharmacobotanical, linguistic and historical approach was used given the power of such interdisciplinary methodology (see Leonti et al, 2003;Ramón-Laca, 2003). The popular names and uses of plants were recorded and analysed in terms of their geographical distribution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants known as té in Spain: An ethno-pharmaco-botanical review

Pardo‐de‐Santayana

Blanco

Morales

2005

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

115

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Although the word té (tea) in Spanish is derived from the Chinese tscha and refers to the oriental plant Camellia sinensis, it is popularly used throughout Spain to refer to at least 70 different plant species. These are usually collected in the countryside, boiled dry or fresh, and drunk after meals. The drinking of té is a social habit that encourages conversation in a relaxed atmosphere. Tés are also commonly used as digestifs and stomachics, and in some cases as laxatives, antidiarrhoeics, and to reduce the blood pressure. They are not used as stimulants. It appears that the habit of drinking Camellia sinensis afforded the cognitive context for drinking other infusions with no specific medicinal purpose. Some té species are very common in Spain (and their use is quite extended), others are endemic, and others still are allochthonous that now live in the wild. The majority of these species belong to the families Asteraceae and Lamiaceae. The most important and widely distributed are Jasonia glutinosa, Sideritis hyssopifolia, Lithospermum officinale, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Bidens aurea. Other remarkable but more locally used tés include Cruciata glabra (only in the Pyrenees), Inula salicina and Mentha arvensis (in the Central Mountain Range of Madrid), and Potentilla caulescens (in Tarragona).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants known as té in Spain: An ethno-pharmaco-botanical review

Pardo‐de‐Santayana

Blanco

Morales

2005

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

115

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“…In Malaya, citron juice is used as a substitute for the juice of imported, expensive lemons [6]. In Spain, syrup made from the peel is used to flavor unpalatable medical preparations [7]. Chinese and Japanese people prize the citron for its fragrance and it is a common practice in central and northern China to carry a ripe fruit in the hand or place the fruit in a dish on a table to perfume the air of a room [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constituents of Peel and Leaf Essential Oils of Citrus Medica L

Bhuiyan

Begum

Sardar³

et al. 2009

J. Sci. Res.

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The chemical constituents of leaf and peel essential oil of Citrus medica L. were analysed by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Nineteen components accounting for 99.9% of the oil were identified in leaf oil. The major constituents are erucylamide (28.43%), limonene (18.36%) and citral (12.95%). The peel oil contains forty three components accounting for 99.8% of the total oil and the major components are isolimonene (39.37%), citral (23.12%) and limonene (21.78%).

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“…five centuries (Wenner 1980;Dobson 1998;Cymbron et al 1999;Ramon-Laca 2003). A legend relates that after the defeat of Moor armies near Poitiers, France, in 732 A.D., the King's Majordomo Charles Martel found in the loot a great quantity of furs belonging to an African small carnivoran, the common genet (Genetta genetta) (Perrot 1820).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early phases of a successful invasion: mitochondrial phylogeography of the common genet (Genetta genetta) within the Mediterranean Basin

et al. 2008

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The Mediterranean Basin, connected by cultural exchanges since prehistoric times, provides an outstanding framework to study species translocations. We address here the early phases of the successful invasion of the common genet (Genetta genetta), a small carnivoran supposedly introduced from Africa to Europe during historical times, by assessing mitochondrial nucleotide variability in 134 individuals from its native and invasive ranges. We identify four lineages within the native species range [northern Algeria, Peninsular Arabia, southern Africa and western Africa + Maghreb (including northern Algeria)], in contradiction with morphological taxonomy. We propose that the cooccurrence in Maghreb of two divergent lineages (autochthonous and western African) is due to secondary contact through intermittent permeability of the Saharan belt during the Plio-Pleistocene. Estimates of coalescence time and genetic diversity, in concert with other available evidences in the literature, indicate that the origin of European populations of common genets is in Maghreb, possibly restricted to northern Algeria. The autochthonous mitochondrial lineage of Maghreb was the only contributor to the European pool, suggesting that translocations were associated to a cultural constraint such as a local use of the species, which might have artificially excluded the western African lineage. Haplotype network and nested clade analysis (NCA) provide evidence for independent events of introductions throughout Spain (Andalucia, Cataluña, and the Balearic Isl.)-and, to a lesser extent, Portugal-acting as a 'translocation hotspot'. Due to the reduced number of northern Algerian individuals belonging to the autochthonous mitochondrial lineage of Maghreb, it remains impossible to test hypotheses of historical translocations, although a main contribution of the Moors is likely. Our demographic analyses support a scenario of very recent introduction of a reduced number of individuals in Europe followed by rapid population expansion. We suggest that an exceptional combination of factors including multiple translocations, human-driven propagation across natural barriers, and natural processes of colonization allowed by a wide ecological tolerance, promoted the successful spread of the common genet into Europe.

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The Introduction of Cultivated Citrus to Europe via Northern Africa and the Iberian Peninsula

Cited by 58 publications

References 22 publications

Plants known as té in Spain: An ethno-pharmaco-botanical review

Plants known as té in Spain: An ethno-pharmaco-botanical review

Constituents of Peel and Leaf Essential Oils of Citrus Medica L

Early phases of a successful invasion: mitochondrial phylogeography of the common genet (Genetta genetta) within the Mediterranean Basin

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