The introduction of Old World crops (wheat, barley and peach) in Andean Argentina during the 16th century a.d.: archaeobotanical and ethnohistorical evidence

Capparelli, Aylen; Lema, Verónica Soledad; Giovannetti, Marco Antonio; Raffino, Rodolfo Adelio

doi:10.1007/s00334-005-0093-8

Cited by 40 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Contact between the Old and New World after Columbus’ voyages allowed the exchange of many domesticated plants, including wheat. Especially, in the case of the Spanish colonies in Americas, it is well known that Spaniards not only tried by all possible means to introduce their own European culture, but also, with tenacity, to introduce many crops (including durum wheat landraces and cultivars) from Europe to the American territories [10]. Besides, emigration had a profound influence on the world in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, when Europeans first touched the shores of the Americas across the Atlantic in 1492, the Columbian Exchange (artificial re-establishment of connections through the commingling of Old and New World plants, animals, and bacteria.) allowed durum wheat from the Old World to the New World [9,10]. Especially in the Spanish colonial periods during the 16–17th centuries, European agriculture had a profound effect on the Americas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Diversity Revealed by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers in a Worldwide Germplasm Collection of Durum Wheat

Ren

Sun

Chen

et al. 2013

IJMS

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Evaluation of genetic diversity and genetic structure in crops has important implications for plant breeding programs and the conservation of genetic resources. Newly developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are effective in detecting genetic diversity. In the present study, a worldwide durum wheat collection consisting of 150 accessions was used. Genetic diversity and genetic structure were investigated using 946 polymorphic SNP markers covering the whole genome of tetraploid wheat. Genetic structure was greatly impacted by multiple factors, such as environmental conditions, breeding methods reflected by release periods of varieties, and gene flows via human activities. A loss of genetic diversity was observed from landraces and old cultivars to the modern cultivars released during periods of the Early Green Revolution, but an increase in cultivars released during the Post Green Revolution. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of genetic diversity among the 10 mega ecogeographical regions indicated that South America, North America, and Europe possessed the richest genetic variability, while the Middle East showed moderate levels of genetic diversity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity Revealed by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers in a Worldwide Germplasm Collection of Durum Wheat

Ren

Sun

Chen

et al. 2013

IJMS

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“…For instance, in the Andean highlands, an immediate process occurring after the Spanish conquest was an exponential increase in mining activities that directly produced a significant increase in pollution and deforestation [14,15]. Nevertheless, post-colonial land use also involved the introduction of new domesticated animals including cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and donkeys, but also the introduction of new cultigens such as wheat, barley, and fava beans, as well as a number of unintentional weeds [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Although some direct effects of these processes included the replacement of native domesticated camelid herds and cultigens such as maize and quinoa, other direct and indirect effects of this process remain poorly investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Thousand Years of Land-Use and Vegetation Evolution in the Andean Highlands of Northern Chile Inferred from Pollen and Charcoal Analyses

et al. 2018

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The European conquest of the New World produced major socio-environmental reorganization in the Americas, but for many specific regions and ecosystems, we still do not understand how these changes occurred within a broader temporal framework. In this paper, we reconstruct the long-term environmental and vegetation changes experienced by high-altitude wetlands of the southcentral Andes over the last two millennia. Pollen and charcoal analyses of a 5.5-m-long core recovered from the semi-arid puna of northern Chile indicate that while climatic drivers influenced vegetation turnaround, human land use and management strategies significantly affected long-term changes. Our results indicate that the puna vegetation mostly dominated by grasslands and some peatland taxa stabilized during the late Holocene, xerophytic shrubs expanded during extremely dry events, and peatland vegetation persisted in relation to landscape-scale management strategies by Andean pastoralist societies. Environmental changes produced during the post-conquest period included the introduction of exotic taxa, such as clovers, associated with the translocation of exotic herding animals (sheep, cattle, and donkeys) and a deterioration in the management of highland wetlands.

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“…Crop farming marginalization in the Andean highlands has been frequently attributed to the Spanish 254 conquest(46)(47)(48). Undeniably, the European intrusion affected the structure of native societies and their subsistence systems across the Andes, including local farming activities (2,[49][50][51]. Still, in the 256 dry Andes the new mercantilist order prioritizing mining and caravan trading remained dependent on local crop-pasture systems for its food and forage supply(52, 53).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Discontinuities in quinoa biodiversity in the dry Andes: an 18-century perspective based on allelic genotyping

Winkel

Aguirre

Arizio

et al. 2018

Preprint

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History and environment shape crop biodiversity, particularly in areas with vulnerable human 36 communities and ecosystems. Tracing crop biodiversity over time helps understand how rural societies cope with anthropogenic or climatic changes. Exceptionally well preserved ancient DNA of 38 quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from the cold and arid Andes of Argentina has allowed us to track changes and continuities in quinoa diversity over 18 centuries, by coupling genotyping of 157 40 ancient and modern seeds by 24 SSR markers with cluster and coalescence analyses. Cluster analyses revealed clear population patterns separating modern and ancient quinoas. Coalescence-based 42 analyses revealed that genetic drift within a single population cannot explain genetic differentiation among ancient and modern quinoas. The hypothesis of a genetic bottleneck related to the Spanish 44Conquest also does not seem to apply at a local scale. Instead, the most likely scenario is the replacement of preexisting quinoa gene pools with new ones of lower genetic diversity. This process 46 occurred at least twice in the last 18 centuries: first, between the 6th and 12th centuries-a time of agricultural intensification well before the Inka and Spanish conquests-and then between the 13th 48 century and today-a period marked by farming marginalization in the late 19th century likely due to a severe multidecadal drought. While these processes of local gene pool replacement do not imply 50 losses of genetic diversity at the metapopulation scale, they support the view that gene pool replacement linked to social and environmental changes can result from opposite agricultural 52 trajectories. 54

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The introduction of Old World crops (wheat, barley and peach) in Andean Argentina during the 16th century a.d.: archaeobotanical and ethnohistorical evidence

Cited by 40 publications

References 2 publications

Genetic Diversity Revealed by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers in a Worldwide Germplasm Collection of Durum Wheat

Genetic Diversity Revealed by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers in a Worldwide Germplasm Collection of Durum Wheat

Two Thousand Years of Land-Use and Vegetation Evolution in the Andean Highlands of Northern Chile Inferred from Pollen and Charcoal Analyses

Discontinuities in quinoa biodiversity in the dry Andes: an 18-century perspective based on allelic genotyping

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