Mindfulness meditation is often presented, in Western psychology, as a traditional Buddhist practice. However, this is actually a practice derived from an amalgam of various currents of thought, diverging in many ways from the meditative practices of classical Buddhism and its very definition of mindfulness. Regarding the modern concept of mindfulness, the term remains decidedly ambiguous and less than rigorous from a Buddhist point of view, as well as from a cognitive and neuropsychological point of view. Furthermore, there is significant confusion with regard to the concepts of shamatha and vipassana, which are mistakenly interpreted as meditation techniques. Vipassana is purported to be a meditation technique based on open monitoring (OM) that is said to correspond to the cognitive process involved in mindfulness meditation. However, a phenomenological and logical analysis of the OM model shows that OM meditation sometimes corresponds unknowingly to focused-attention meditation, the very opposite of OM, and sometimes (and more likely) to mind-wandering or mental sinking, the inverse of concentration or meditation. Therefore, a more classical Buddhist meditative practice, such as training in tranquil abiding, would appear to be more coherent, logical, and functional than mindfulness meditation appears to be, especially for developing concentration.