The mechanisms determining the strength of interactions between non-indigenous and native species in the invaded environment are of great interest to both ecologists and managers. On a Brazilian rocky shore, we experimentally measured predation intensity and prey preference of native predators on 2 exotic bivalves, Perna perna (which has been present for centuries) and Isognomon bicolor (introduced ca. 20 yr ago). Overall, predation was more intense on P. perna than on I. bicolor. Furthermore, P. perna was preyed upon more intensively by benthic crawling predators (whelks and, possibly, crabs), while larger, more mobile predators (fish and birds) were less selective. In addition, the larger, more abundant whelk Stramonita haemastoma selectively preyed on P. perna (for which handling time was shorter), while another whelk (Trachypollia nodulosa) preferred I. bicolor, although handling time was longer. Different shell morphologies of the 2 exotic prey and resource partitioning between the whelks may explain S. haemastoma and T. nodulosa feeding preferences, respectively. The thicker valves of I. bicolor compared to those of P. perna reduced the drilling or chipping efficiency by whelks. Although these prey species belong to the same functional group, differences in their shell characteristics could entail different mechanical constraints to predators. Therefore, native predators in the study system may prefer P. perna over I. bicolor because they are still adapting their foraging skills to handle the more recent invader, I. bicolor.
KEY WORDS: Exotic prey · Novel interactions · Predation intensity · Prey preference · Intertidal · Subtropical rocky shores · Brazil
Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 403: [101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112] 2010 the structuring of benthic communities on rocky shores. Prey preference of these predators can be influenced by many factors such as prey size, energy content, handling time, availability and the past experience of the predator (Pyke et al. 1977, Hughes & Dunkin 1984, Fairweather 1988, Etter 1996.Multiple species have invaded many hard substrate habitats over time; therefore, native species have been exposed to different invaders for different periods of time (e.g. Wasson et al. 2005, Eastwood et al. 2007. A number of complex novel interactions could be established subsequent to invasion due to the arrangement of new native-exotic or exotic-exotic contact (Dudas et al. 2005, Grosholz 2005, Matern & Brown 2005, MacDonald et al. 2007, Pratt & Grason 2007. On the one hand, non-indigenous species are expected to lose some or all native co-evolved enemies. This enemyrelease hypothesis is one of many possible explanations for the success of invasive species in a new area (Colautti et al. 2004). On the other hand, non-indigenous species could find new enemies in invaded areas that could control their populations (Parker & Hay 2005, Parker et al. 2006.Invasive species can have important...