The inverse-relation and the mirror-image effect in precipitation electricity

Owolabi, I.E.

doi:10.1016/0021-9169(70)90052-8

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…than the observed effect; therefore ion capture cannot be the required mechanism. This is a conclusion supported by Owalabi [1970]. Splash droplets.…”

Section: In the Table (Ae) Is The Mean Step Change In Electric Fieldsupporting

confidence: 58%

The change of precipitation current after a sudden change of electric field in a tropical thunderstorm

Lane-Smith¹

1972

J. Geophys. Res.

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Measurements were made of electric field, precipitation current; rainfall, and speed and direction of wind, in Sierra Leone during tropical thunderstorms. The response of precipitation current to sudden changes of electric field produced by lightning was analyzed for three different storms. The turbulent diffusion of charged droplets is suggested as the mechanism that produced the observed effects. There have been many measurements made of precipitation currents in various types of rainfall, see Chalmers [1967] for a review. Various attempts have been made to interpretthe results and relate them to other data such as electric-field measurements. Problems arise because there are too many variables that can influence the result and because the other parameters measured are themselves difficult to Smith, L. G., Rain electricity, Ph.D. dissertation, On Wilson's theory of the collection of charge by falling drops, Quart.

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“…than the observed effect; therefore ion capture cannot be the required mechanism. This is a conclusion supported by Owalabi [1970]. Splash droplets.…”

Section: In the Table (Ae) Is The Mean Step Change In Electric Fieldsupporting

confidence: 58%

The change of precipitation current after a sudden change of electric field in a tropical thunderstorm

Lane-Smith¹

1972

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…And it is also known that at times there are an "inverse-relation" and "mirror image relation" between the polarity of the electrical charges on precipitation elements and the polarity of the atmospheric electric field strength (Magono and Orikasa (1960, 1961, Orikasa (1962), Chalmers (1965), Owolabi (1970)). A few observations of electric charge to the sign of snow particles have been carried out till the present (Nakaya and Terada (1934), Magono et al (1957), Isono et al (1966)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Polarity of the Electric Charges on snow Crystals of the Various Shapes

Kikuchi¹

1973

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Some observations in the field of cloud physics and atmospheric electricity were carried out when the author was a member of the wintering party of the 9th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition at Syowa Station, Antarctica throughout the whole year from February 1968 to January 1969. Especially, a simultaneous observation of electric charges on natural falling snow crystals, the shapes of snow crystals and electric field strength were selected from a view point of importance and interest of the charge generation in clouds.As a result, a very interesting phenomenon was found in which the electric polarity of snow crystals of dendrite, sector and plate was negative and the polarity of snow crystals of column, combination of bullets and side plane was positive. Taking into account that the temperature range of the growth of dendrite, sector and plate is roughly between -10* and -20* and that of the other three shapes of snow crystals are between -20* and -35*, it would be appropriate to assume a positive polarity of a thundercloud and other electrified clouds with solid precipitation particles. In other words, it may be considered that negative and positive charge centers in the cloud volume are located around the -15* level and the -25* to -35* level, respectively.These temperature ranges coincide with Takahashi's observation (1965) using an electric charge sonde, in which he reported that positive charged particles were observed at a temperature range between -18* and -39* and negative charged particles were present at a range between 0* and -18*.

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“…On the other hand, generally in the sub-tropical regions the precipitations from convective clouds independent of rain or snow give some disturbances such as wave patterns to the atmospheric electric field. Under such conditions, it is known that there are a "mirror image relation" between the polarity of the electrical charges (or current) on precipitation particles and the polarity of the electric field (Simpson, 1949;Sivaramakrishnan, 1957;Magono and Orikasa, 1960, 1966aOrikasa, 1962;Chalmers, 1965;Owolabi, 1970). Furthermore, there are some observational results by Orikasa (1962) and Magono and Orikasa (1966 a) at Sapporo in which the electrical polarity of soft hail and relatively large snowflakes seemed to be positive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Electrical Properties of Snow Clouds with Precipitation

Kikuchi

1975

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Simultaneous observations of the surface electric field, shape and charge on snow crystals and melted diameters of the crystals were carried out at the seashore of Ishikari near Sapporo where snow clouds of falling snow accompanied by northwesterly winds were observed during the winter monsoon season. From the observational results, it was confirmed that in general dendritic crystals were negatively charged under a positive electric field and relatively large dendritic snowflakes, densely rimed crystals and soft hail were positively charged under a negative electric field. Furthermore, it was found that when positive snow crystals fell, the mode value of the size distribution of melted diameter at that moment shifted to smaller values as compared with that when negative snow crystals fell alone. Therefore, it was considered that snowflakes and densely rimed crystals were positively charged when small fragments were torn off from fragile flakes and crystals during their descent and at such times small fragments acquired negative charges. Moreover, suspended small fragments acquired negative charges when they collided with the falling flakes and crystals. As a result, the main crystals acquired positive charges as a matter of course.

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The inverse-relation and the mirror-image effect in precipitation electricity

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

The change of precipitation current after a sudden change of electric field in a tropical thunderstorm

The change of precipitation current after a sudden change of electric field in a tropical thunderstorm

On the Polarity of the Electric Charges on snow Crystals of the Various Shapes

Atmospheric Electrical Properties of Snow Clouds with Precipitation

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