The investigation of activated carbon by K2CO3 activation: Micropores- and macropores-dominated structure

Khuong, Duy Anh; Trang, Trinh Kieu; Nakaoka, Yu; Tsubota, Toshiki; Tashima, Daisuke; Nguyen, Hong Nam; Tanaka, Daisaku

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134365

Cited by 54 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…K 2 CO 3 was mostly activated between 700 and 900 °C, and it decomposed into K 2 O and CO 2 at around 700 °C. , During this process, carbon in AL interacted with K 2 O to generate potassium atoms, and K 2 CO 3 oxidized substances that contained carbon to CO, resulting in holes in carbon materials and promoting the development of micropores. Mesopore and macropore formations were facilitated by the expansion and transport of potassium atoms between carbon layers , (as illustrated in Figure e,f).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33,34 During this process, carbon in AL interacted with K 2 O to generate potassium atoms, and K 2 CO 3 oxidized substances that contained carbon to CO, resulting in holes in carbon materials and promoting the development of micropores. Mesopore and macropore formations were facilitated by the expansion and transport of potassium atoms between carbon layers 35,36 (as illustrated in Figure 3e,f). Following the addition of melamine, a portion of the melamine was pyrolyzed to create g-C 3 N 4 at around 300 °C, which would then break down at a temperature of about 800 °C to produce gas (such as ammonia) and play a part in the formation of pores.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bi-Activation Engineering of Lignin-Derived Porous Carbon Adsorbent for Highly Efficient Water Purification

Bai,

Wei,

Qiu

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Organic contaminants have become a major concern in current environmental policies. Biochar is often used to absorb pollutants due to its large surface area, wide availability, and cost-effectiveness. Lignin, a byproduct of the pulp and paper industry, is an ideal precursor for biochar due to its abundance, sustainability, and high carbon content. Bi-activation engineering of alkali lignin during the carbonized process by combining potassium carbonate and melamine to produce porous carbon with more micro–mesoporous structure was proposed. Melamine reacts with the carbon matrix during the activation process, creating new alkaline compounds and releasing more gas, resulting in the formation of more micropores and mesopores. Adjusting the ratio of potassium carbonate to melamine can optimize the micro–mesoporous structure of porous carbon materials. In this regard, a nitrogen-doped three-dimensional porous carbon (ALNC-2-1) with a specific surface area of up to 3522 m2 g–1 was synthesized for the adsorption of methylene blue and tetracycline hydrochloride in wastewater; the largest adsorption capacities were 1364 and 1682 mg g–1, respectively. The adsorption process was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and was attributed to electrostatic interaction, pore filling, hydrogen bonding, and π–π interaction. Moreover, ALNC demonstrated high removal rates for organic pollutants and excellent regeneration performance, thus making it a promising material for practical wastewater treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Bi-Activation Engineering of Lignin-Derived Porous Carbon Adsorbent for Highly Efficient Water Purification

Bai,

Wei,

Qiu

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The first step in preparation of sludge carbon by carbon precursor activation was to select a suitable activator. A good activator has strong “pore-making” and “etching” ability, which can effectively expand the old pores and react to form new pores, which also has a catalytic effect, forming good pore structure and pore size distribution [ 12 ]. In this study, three commonly used activators (ZnCl 2 , AlCl 3 , and KOH) were selected [ 13 , 14 ], and the effects of different activators on the adsorption performance of prepared sludge carbon were discussed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Preparation of Sludge Carbon from Oily Sludge and Walnut Shells

Tang¹,

Guan²

2022

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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The preparation process of synergistic preparation of sludge carbon by oily sludge and walnut shells are divided into two stages: carbonization preparation of a carbon precursor and activation preparation of sludge carbon. The preparation conditions of the carbon precursor are 2.5:1 mass ratio of oily sludge and walnut shells, carbonization temperature is 450°C, and time is 2 h. There are some pores on the surface of the prepared carbon precursor, the heavy metal content of leachate does not exceed the standard, and the use process will not cause heavy metal pollution. Intensive research is carried out on factors affecting the preparation of sludge carbon by activation of the carbon precursor by the orthogonal experiment and single-factor experiment. The optimal activation conditions are determined by using ZnCl2 as an activator, mass ratio of the carbon precursor to ZnCl2 is 1:4, activation temperature is 800°C, heating rate is 15°C/min, and activation holding time is 1 h. The surface of sludge carbon is distributed with many pores, several layers of small pores can be seen deeply in the large holes, and pore size distribution is dominated by micropores and mesopores. BET Specific surface area, pore volume, average pore, and iodine value are 1772.69 m2/g, 1.98 cm3/g, 1.64 nm, and 1011.65 mg/g, respectively, which surpasses commercially available activated carbon comprehensively.

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“…Islam et al 5 successfully prepared activated carbon from coconut shells and recorded a specific surface area of 1640 m 2 /g with a pore volume of 1.032 cm 3 /g. Khuong et al 6 prepared activated carbon adsorbents by K 2 CO 3 activation for CO 2 capture at room temperature. However, the activated carbon parameters can be modified by physical and chemical treatments to adjust and adapt the adsorbents to a wider range of applications, such as the removal of AsH arsenic and thereby may suit removal of AsH 3 issued from industrial waste gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Role of Copper Species-Modified Active Carbon by Low-Temperature Roasting on the Improvement of Arsine Adsorption

Chen¹,

Feng

Xie

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Traditional adsorbents undershot the expectations for arsine (AsH 3 ) removal under low-temperature operation conditions in the industry. In this study, the copper (Cu) precursor was used to modify activated carbon and yield novel adsorbents by low-temperature roasting for high-efficiency removal of AsH 3 . The best conditions were determined as impregnation with 2 mol/L Cu(NO 3 ) 2 adsorbent and roasting at 180 °C. At a reaction temperature of 40 °C and an oxygen content of 1%, the AsH 3 removal efficiency reached over 90% and lasted for 40 h and the best capacity of 369.6 mg/g was obtained with the Cu/Ac adsorbent. The characterization results showed the decomposition of Cu(NO 3 ) 2 during the low-temperature roasting process to form surface functional groups. The formation of the important intermediate Cu 2 (NO 3 )(OH) 3 in the decomposition of Cu(NO 3 ) 2 into CuO plays a role in the good regeneration performance of the Cu/Ac adsorbent using water washing and the gas regeneration method. The results of in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that the interaction of trace oxygen with Lewis (L) acid sites increased chemisorbed oxygen by 17.34%, significantly promoting the spontaneity of AsH 3 oxidation reaction. These results provide a friendly economic method with industrial processes practical for AsH 3 removal.

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The investigation of activated carbon by K2CO3 activation: Micropores- and macropores-dominated structure

Cited by 54 publications

References 43 publications

Bi-Activation Engineering of Lignin-Derived Porous Carbon Adsorbent for Highly Efficient Water Purification

Bi-Activation Engineering of Lignin-Derived Porous Carbon Adsorbent for Highly Efficient Water Purification

Synergistic Preparation of Sludge Carbon from Oily Sludge and Walnut Shells

Investigation of the Role of Copper Species-Modified Active Carbon by Low-Temperature Roasting on the Improvement of Arsine Adsorption

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