The investigation of lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant levels and some hematological parameters in sheep naturally infested with Wohlfahrtia magnifica larvae

İpek, Duygu Neval Sayın; Şaki, Cem Ecmel; Çay, Mehmet

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.12.018

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Once the first-stage larvae hatch, they are expelled onto or into wounds and natural body orifices (e.g., genitalia) of their host, where they start to develop by feeding on the host’s tissue. As with other obligatory traumatic myiasis-causing flies, the parasitic activities of W. magnifica from the first- to the third-stage larvae can lead to health issues, animal welfare concerns, and significant economic losses [ 6 , 18 , 19 ]. In the subsequent non-parasitic post-larval stages, fully grown third-stage larvae leave the damaged tissue, fall to the ground, and burrow into the soil to pupate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic profiling of different developmental stages reveals parasitic strategies of Wohlfahrtia magnifica, a myiasis-causing flesh fly

Jia,

Hasi,

Zhan

et al. 2024

BMC Genomics

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Background Wohlfahrtia magnifica is an obligatory parasite that causes myiasis in several warm-blooded vertebrates. Adult females deposit the first-stage larvae directly onto wounds or natural body orifices (e.g., genitalia) of the host, from where they quickly colonize the host tissue and feed on it for development. The infestation of W. magnifica can lead to health issues, welfare concerns, and substantial economic losses. To date, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the W. magnifica-causing myiasis. Results In this study, we collected parasitic-stage larvae of W. magnifica from wounds of naturally infested Bactrian camels, as well as pupae and adult flies reared in vitro from the wound-collected larvae, for investigating the gene expression profiles of the different developmental stages of W. magnifica, with a particular focus on examining gene families closely related to the parasitism of the wound-collected larvae. As key proteins related to the parasite-host interaction, 2049 excretory/secretory (ES) proteins were identified in W. magnifica through the integration of multiple bioinformatics approaches. Functional analysis indicates that these ES proteins are primarily involved in cuticle development, peptidase activity, immune response, and metabolic processes. The global investigation of gene expression at different developmental stages using pairwise comparisons and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) showed that the upregulated genes during second-stage larvae were related to cuticle development, peptidase activity, and RNA transcription and translation; during third-stage larvae to peptidase inhibitor activity and nutrient reservoir activity; during pupae to cell and tissue morphogenesis and cell and tissue development; and during adult flies to signal perception, many of them involved in light perception, and adult behavior, e.g., feeding, mating, and locomotion. Specifically, the expression level analysis of the likely parasitism-related genes in parasitic wound-collected larvae revealed a significant upregulation of 88 peptidase genes (including 47 serine peptidase genes), 110 cuticle protein genes, and 21 heat shock protein (hsp) genes. Interestingly, the expression of 2 antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes, including 1 defensin and 1 diptericin, was also upregulated in the parasitic larvae. Conclusions We identified ES proteins in W. magnifica and investigated their functional distribution. In addition, gene expression profiles at different developmental stages of W. magnifica were examined. Specifically, we focused on gene families closely related to parasitism of wound-collected larvae. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the life cycle of the myiasis-causing fly, especially during the parasitic larval stages, and provide guidance for the development of control measures against W. magnifica.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic profiling of different developmental stages reveals parasitic strategies of Wohlfahrtia magnifica, a myiasis-causing flesh fly

Jia,

Hasi,

Zhan

et al. 2024

BMC Genomics

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“…In regions where W. magnifica is distributed, from Eastern and Southern Europe and Northern Africa to Western and Northeast Asia [6,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], W. magnifica-related myiasis has led to important animal welfare and health problems, as well as huge economic losses due to reproduction problems, lameness, blindness, and even death if the infestation stays untreated [9,18,19]. As of now, a large number of cases of myiasis resulting from W. magnifica have been documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome and Transcriptome Analyses Facilitate Genetic Control of Wohlfahrtia magnifica, a Myiasis-Causing Flesh Fly

Jia

Hasi

Zhan

et al. 2023

Insects

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Myiasis caused by Wohlfahrtia magnifica is a widespread parasitic infestation in mammals. The infested host suffers from damage as the developing larvae feed on its tissues. For the control of myiasis infestation, genetic methods have been shown to be effective and promising as an alternative to insecticides. Combining genome, isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq), and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, we isolated and characterized two sex-determination genes, W. magnifica transformer (Wmtra) and W. magnifica transformer2 (Wmtra2), whose orthologs in a number of insect pests have been utilized to develop genetic control approaches. Wmtra transcripts are sex-specifically spliced; only the female transcript encodes a full-length functional protein, while the male transcript encodes a truncated and non-functional polypeptide due to the presence of the male-specific exon containing multiple in-frame stop codons. The existence of five predicted TRA/TRA2 binding sites in the male-specific exon and the surrounding intron of Wmtra, as well as the presence of an RNA-recognition motif in WmTRA2 may suggest the auto-regulation of Wmtra by its own protein interacting with WmTRA2. This results in the skipping of the male-specific exon and translation of the full-length functional protein only in females. Our comparative study in dipteran species showed that both the WmTRA and WmTRA2 proteins exhibit a high degree of similarity to their orthologs in the myiasis-causing blow flies. Additionally, transcriptome profiling performed between adult females and adult males reported 657 upregulated and 365 downregulated genes. Functional analysis showed that among upregulated genes those related to meiosis and mitosis Gene Ontology (GO) terms were enriched, while, among downregulated genes, those related to muscle cell development and aerobic metabolic processes were enriched. Among the female-biased gene set, we detected five candidate genes, vasa (vas), nanos (nanos), bicoid (bcd), Bicaudal C (BicC), and innexin5 (inx5). The promoters of these genes may be able to upregulate Cas9 expression in the germline in Cas9-based homing gene drive systems as established in some flies and mosquitoes. The isolation and characterization of these genes is an important step toward the development of genetic control programs against W. magnifica infestation.

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“…As a result, the numerous bites of the larvae enlarge the wound and lead to severe tissue damage within only a few days. This may cause emaciation, reduction of productivity, reproductive disorders, and if untreated, heavy infections possibly leading to death (Farkas et al, 1997; İpek et al, 2012; Martinez et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic insights into evolution and control of Wohlfahrtia magnifica, a widely distributed myiasis‐causing fly of warm‐blooded vertebrates

Jia

Hasi²,

Vogl

et al. 2022

Molecular Ecology Resources

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Wohlfahrtia magnifica is a pest fly species, invading livestock in many European, African and Asian countries, and causing heavy agroeconomic losses. In the life cycle of this obligatory parasite, adult flies infect the host by depositing the first‐stage larvae into body cavities or open wounds. The feeding larvae cause severe (skin) tissue damage and potentially fatal infections if untreated. Despite serious health detriments and agroeconomic concerns, genomic resources for understanding the biology of W. magnifica have so far been lacking. Here, we present a complete genome assembly from a single adult female W. magnifica using a Low‐DNA Input workflow for PacBio HiFi library preparation. The de novo assembled genome is 753.99 Mb in length, with a scaffold N50 of 5.00 Mb, consisting of 16,718 predicted protein‐encoding genes. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that W. magnifica has the closest phylogenetic relationship to Sarcophaga bullata followed by Lucilia cuprina. Evolutionary analysis of gene families showed expansions of 173 gene families in W. magnifica that were enriched for gene ontology (GO) categories related to immunity, insecticide‐resistance mechanisms, heat stress response and cuticle development. In addition, 45 positively selected genes displaying various functions were identified. This new genomic resource contributes to the evolutionary and comparative analysis of dipterous flies and an in‐depth understanding of many aspects of W. magnifica biology. Furthermore, it will facilitate the development of novel tools for controlling W. magnifica infection in livestock.

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The investigation of lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant levels and some hematological parameters in sheep naturally infested with Wohlfahrtia magnifica larvae

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Transcriptomic profiling of different developmental stages reveals parasitic strategies of Wohlfahrtia magnifica, a myiasis-causing flesh fly

Transcriptomic profiling of different developmental stages reveals parasitic strategies of Wohlfahrtia magnifica, a myiasis-causing flesh fly

Genome and Transcriptome Analyses Facilitate Genetic Control of Wohlfahrtia magnifica, a Myiasis-Causing Flesh Fly

Genomic insights into evolution and control of Wohlfahrtia magnifica, a widely distributed myiasis‐causing fly of warm‐blooded vertebrates

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