The investigations of genetic determinants of the metabolic syndrome

Dizaji, Behdokht Fathi

doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2018.04.009

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In research on genetic determinants concerning insulin [43], some metabolic features like hyperglycaemia have been screened through linkage studies, candidate genes association studies, GWAS, exome sequencing, and epigenetic approaches [44], as well as by meta-analyses in Asian and European populations [45], where the genetic makeup exhibited a role in glycaemic control. Physical activity may exert beneficial effects on glucose metabolism via specific genes, which may impact glucose levels and risk of developing full-blown diabetes [46] or cardiometabolic conditions [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Carbohydrate Intake and Physical Activity with Regulatory Genes Affecting Glycaemia: A Food4Me Study Analysis

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Carbohydrate intake and physical activity are related to glucose homeostasis, both being influenced by individual genetic makeup. However, the interactions between these 2 factors, as affected by genetics, on glycaemia have been scarcely reported. Objective: We focused on analysing the interplay between carbohydrate intake and physical activity levels on blood glucose, taking into account a genetic risk score (GRS), based on SNPs related to glucose/energy metabolism. Methods: A total of 1,271 individuals from the Food4Me cohort, who completed the nutritional intervention, were evaluated at baseline. We collected dietary information by using an online-validated food frequency questionnaire, a questionnaire on physical activity, blood biochemistry by analysis of dried blood spots, and by analysis of selected SNPs. Fifteen out of 31 SNPs, with recognized participation in carbohydrate/energy metabolism, were included in the component analyses. The GRS included risk alleles involved in the control of glycaemia or energy-yielding processes. Results: Data concerning anthropometric, clinical, metabolic, dietary intake, physical activity, and genetics related to blood glucose levels showed expected trends in European individuals of comparable sex and age, being categorized by lifestyle, BMI, and energy/carbohydrate intakes, in this Food4Me population. Blood glucose was inversely associated with physical activity level (β = −0.041, p = 0.013) and positively correlated with the GRS values (β = 0.015, p = 0.047). Interestingly, an interaction affecting glycaemia, concerning physical activity level with carbohydrate intake, was found (β = −0.060, p = 0.033), which also significantly depended on the genetic background (GRS). Conclusions: The relationships of carbohydrate intake and physical activity are important in understanding glucose homeostasis, where a role for the genetic background should be ascribed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Carbohydrate Intake and Physical Activity with Regulatory Genes Affecting Glycaemia: A Food4Me Study Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…IR is determined by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental triggers. So far, a variety of genetic alterations leading to defects in insulin receptor (INSR) and/or other components of the insulin signaling pathway have been recognized as significant causes of uncommon forms of IR and diabetes [ 9 ]. Instead, abnormal visceral fat accumulation from reduced physical activity and excess caloric intake in genetically susceptible people is considered the main driver of IR in humans worldwide.…”

Section: Insulin Receptor Signaling and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Resistance and Cancer: In Search for a Causal Link

Chiefari

Mirabelli

Vignera

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition which refers to individuals whose cells and tissues become insensitive to the peptide hormone, insulin. Over the recent years, a wealth of data has made it clear that a synergistic relationship exists between IR, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Although the underlying mechanism(s) for this association remain unclear, it is well established that hyperinsulinemia, a hallmark of IR, may play a role in tumorigenesis. On the other hand, IR is strongly associated with visceral adiposity dysfunction and systemic inflammation, two conditions which favor the establishment of a pro-tumorigenic environment. Similarly, epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA, in IR states, have been often associated with tumorigenesis in numerous types of human cancer. In addition to these observations, it is also broadly accepted that gut microbiota may play an intriguing role in the development of IR-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cancer, whereas potential chemopreventive properties have been attributed to some of the most commonly used antidiabetic medications. Herein we provide a concise overview of the most recent literature in this field and discuss how different but interrelated molecular pathways may impact on tumor development.

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“…Thus, each component seems to have its own genetic background. 16,17 In the Malmö Preventive Project in Sweden, 17 known genetic variants were studied in a large cohort of individuals without diabetes followed for 23 years. In this study, the development of the metabolic syndrome was defined as the development of at least three components: obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and hyperglycaemia.…”

Section: Is There a Common Background For The Components Of The Metabmentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolic syndrome – What is it and how should it be managed?

Nilsson

Tuomilehto

Rydén

2019

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

191

108

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A cluster of metabolic factors have been merged into an entity named the metabolic syndrome. Although the characteristics of this syndrome have varied over time the presently used definition was established in 2009. The presence of three abnormal findings out of five components qualifies a person for the metabolic syndrome: elevated waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose. Cut points have been defined for all components apart from waist circumference, for which national or regional values are used. The metabolic syndrome predicts cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This associated risk does not exceed its components whereof elevated blood pressure is the most frequent. A successful management should, however, address all factors involved. The management is always based on healthy lifestyle choices but has not infrequently to be supported by pharmacological treatment, especially blood pressure lowering drugs. The metabolic syndrome is a useful example of the importance of multiple targets for preventive interventions. To be successful management has to be individualized not the least when it comes to pharmacological therapy. Frail elderly people should not be over-treated. Knowledge transfer of how risk factors act should be accompanied by continuous trust building and motivation. In complex situations with a mix of biological risk factors, adverse social conditions and unhealthy lifestyle, everything cannot be changed at once. It is better to aim for small steps that are lasting than large, unsustainable steps with relapses to unhealthy behaviours. A person with the metabolic syndrome will always be afflicted by its components, which is the reason that management has to be sustained over a very long time. This review summarizes the knowledge on the metabolic syndrome and its management according to present state of the art.

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The investigations of genetic determinants of the metabolic syndrome

Cited by 39 publications

References 68 publications

Interactions of Carbohydrate Intake and Physical Activity with Regulatory Genes Affecting Glycaemia: A Food4Me Study Analysis

Interactions of Carbohydrate Intake and Physical Activity with Regulatory Genes Affecting Glycaemia: A Food4Me Study Analysis

Insulin Resistance and Cancer: In Search for a Causal Link

The metabolic syndrome – What is it and how should it be managed?

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