The Involvement of Lipid Mediators in the Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

Abstract

Lipid mediators are a class of signaling molecules that play important roles in various physiological processes, including inflammation, blood pressure regulation, and energy metabolism. Exercise has been shown to affect the production and metabolism of several types of lipid mediators, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, sphingolipids, platelet-activating factors and endocannabinoids. Eicosanoids, which include prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are involved in the regulation of inflammation and immune function. Endocannabinoids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, are involved in the regulation of pain, mood, and appetite. Pro-resolving lipid mediators are involved in the resolution of inflammation. Sphingolipids have a role in the function of skeletal muscle during and after exercise. There are many studies that have examined the effects of exercise on the production and release of these and other lipid mediators. Some of these studies have focused on the effects of exercise on inflammation and immune function, while others have examined the effects on muscle function and metabolism. However, much less is known about their involvement in the phenomenon of exercise-induced muscle damage that follows after intense or unaccustomed exercise.

The Effects of a Short-Term Combined Exercise Program on Liver Steatosis Indices and the Lipidemic and Glycemic Profile in NAFLD Individuals: A Pilot Study

“…These glycemic responses might also be a result of possible muscle damage which the resistance exercise could have caused the sedentary patients of our study. Indeed, previous studies have shown a reduction in insulin sensitivity because of a strong inflammatory response and a decrease in glucose transporter GLUT4 following exercise-induced muscle damage [36], which may result in a "protective", temporary state of insulin resistance to the high mechanical and metabolic stress and the consequent muscle damage [37][38][39][40].…”