The involvement of <i>Narcissus hispanicus</i> Gouan in the origin of <i>Narcissus bujei</i> and of cultivated trumpet daffodils (Amaryllidaceae)

Abstract

Zonneveld, B.J.M. 2010. The involvement of Narcissus hispanicus Gouan in the origin of Narcissus bujei and of cultivated trumpet daffodils (Amaryllidaceae). Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 67(1): 29-39.To investigate the origin of cultivated trumpet daffodils the genome size (2C-value) of more than 100 old and new cultivars were measured. A large number of concolored yellow tetraploid cultivars with large coronas seem to be derived from a doubling of chromosomes of a hybrid of the two species N. hispanicus Gouan and N. pseudonarcissus L. This can also still be recognized by the presence of a black spot at the top of the anthers in about 15 % of the tetraploid cultivars. Assuming N. pseudonarcissus as one of the parents of the allotetraploid cultivars, species of trumpet daffodils of section Pseudonarcissi investigated earlier were compared. Doubling of the nuclear DNA content of 23. Para investigar el origen de los narcisos trompeta cultivados se midió el tamaño del genoma (valor 2C) de más de 100 cultivares viejos y nuevos. Un gran número de cultivares tetraploides amarillos de color uniforme y con grandes coronas parecían derivarse de una duplicación de cromosomas de un híbrido de las dos especies N. hispanicus Gouan y N. pseudonarcissus L. Esto también se observa por la presencia de una mancha negra en la parte superior de las anteras en alrededor del 15 % de los cultivares tetraploides. Tomando a N. pseudonarcissus por uno de los parentales de los cultivares alotetraploides, se compararon especies de narcisos trompeta de la sección Pseudonarcissi que ya hubiesen sido investigados anteriormente. La duplicación del contenido de ADN nuclear de 23,8 pg de N. pseudonarcissus queda por debajo de los valores hallados en los narcisos trompeta. Se evaluaron otras especies de narciso trompeta de la sección Pseudonarcissi con una cantidad más alta de ADN nuclear complementaria, tales como N. hispanicus, con 25.8 pg, N. poeticus L., con 26 pg y el hexaploide N. pseudonarcissus ssp. bicolor (L.) Baker, con 67.7 pg (Zonneveld, 2008), entre otras. N. hispanicus, con 25.8 pg, se diferencia claramente de N. pseudonarcissus, con 23.8 pg, y también se acepta aquí como especie. El contenido de ADN nuclear de N. bujei (Fern. Casas) Fern. Casas, con 30 pg, se adecua al hibridismo (antiguo) para N. bujei entre N. longispathus Pugsley (36 pg) y N. hispanicus Gouan (25,8 pg). Los tetraploides con tépalos blancos y coronas amarillas pueden obtenerse con el cruzamiento entre N. pseudonarcissus diploide y el hexaploide y bicolor N. pseudonarcissus ssp. bicolor (L.) Baker.Palabras clave: Narcissus hispanicus, origen de los narcisos trompeta, origen de N. bujei.

Population Genetics Methods Applied to a Species Delimitation Problem: Endemic Trumpet Daffodils (NarcissusSectionPseudonarcissi) from the Southern Iberian Peninsula

“…Our data therefore corroborate the findings of Jiménez et al (2009), inferred from ribosomal DNA (ITS) and ISSR sequencing, suggesting that N. bujei was highly divergent from the remaining species of Narcissus inhabiting the Baetic Ranges as well as other phylogenies that relate the green and blue groups to very different clades of the Pseudonarcissi section (Graham and Barrett 2004;Rønsted et al 2008;Santos-Gally et al 2012), which may indicate that they originated in two different colonization events. Our results are also in accordance with the marked differentiation in genome sizes between N. bujei and other closely related species reported by Zonneveld (2008) and support as well the morphological distinctiveness criteria proposed by this author for N. bujei, which include solitary and 513 bright yellow flowers, spirally twisted tepals and leaves, and a black spot on the anthers (Zonneveld 2010).…”

“…Casas) Fern. Casas (the specific epithet is sometimes spelled bugei; Blanca et al 1999;Navarro 2011), Narcissus nevadensis Pugsley, and Narcissus longispathus Pugsley (although the assignment of species rank has not always been maintained; Ferná ndez-Casas 1986;Mathew 2002;Zonneveld 2008). This taxonomic treatment was adopted in the recent revision of Narcissus species occurring in eastern Andalucía (Navarro 2011).…”

“…However, their distinction was based on even more tenuous morphological differences, and all are exclusively restricted to one or a few sparse localities on the northeastern edge of the Baetic Ranges (Sierras de Alcaraz and Segura and Sierra de Villafuerte). The validity of these additional taxa was not upheld by subsequent molecular (Medrano and Herrera 2008;Zonneveld 2008;Jiménez et al 2009) and taxonomic (Navarro 2011;Aedo, forthcoming) work.…”

“…The genus Narcissus is also a remarkable example of Mediterranean lineage with a complex evolutionary history (Graham and Barrett 2004;Santos-Gally et al 2012). The taxonomy of Narcissus is unsettled and problematic (Webb 1980;Blanchard 1990;Mathew 2002;Zonneveld 2008;Aedo, forthcoming); in particular, the trumpet daffodils (section Pseudonarcissi) are one of the most controversial groups of the genus and are a clear example of the confounding views on both the discrimination of taxa and the assignment of rank (see below). In fact, the reasons for this wide discrepancy among studies may reflect, among other processes, recent phylogenetic divergence, ongoing differentiation, high phenotypic plasticity, hybridization, or some complex combination of these (Pérez- Barrales et al 2006;Díaz-Lifante and Andrés-Camacho 2007;Hodgins and Barrett 2007;Díaz-Lifante et al 2009).…”

Nuclear DNA Content and Ploidy Level of Apple Cultivars Including Polish ones in Relation to Some Morphological Traits

“…It is known that within one genera, the species of plants and even their varieties can differ in terms of nuclear DNA content in spite of an equal number of chromosomes (Korban et al, 2009;Zonneveld, 2009Zonneveld, , 2010Höfer and Meister, 2010). It is recognized that the nuclear DNA content is a specific feature and its flow cytometric evaluation can be one of the methods helpful in differentiating taxa.…”