The involvement of phospholipases C and D in the asymmetric division of subsidiary cell mother cells of<i>Zea mays</i>

Apostolakos, P.; Panteris, Emmanuel; Galatis, B.

doi:10.1002/cm.20308

Cited by 24 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…13 It has been estimated that in Z. mays seedlings grown in dark at 25 § 1 C, the GMCs exhibiting a width/length ratio between 0.8 and 1.4 are in their majority capable of emanating inductive stimulus toward the adjacent SMCs. 12 GMCs aspect ratio was assessed in a central optical cell plane using a light microscope equipped with a micrometer scale. In the current study, according to their aspect ratio, the GMCs were classified in two subgroups: (a) GMCs with aspect ratio more than 1.4 which are present close to meristem leaf region, from now on called "young" GMCs and (b) GMCs with respective ratio less than 1.4, which are located at protodermal regions where the subsidiary cell formation occurs, from now on called "advanced" GMCs.…”

Section: Subsidiary Cell Formation In Control Seedlingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34,58 Thus, the AF-patches at the polar end of Z. mays SMCs, should not be considered as prime polarizing factors, since they are absent from SMCs in other grasses like Triticum turgidum, but they may be related to the local SMC bulging toward the inducing GMC. 12,34 Evidence favoring this hypothesis is that in TIBA-and LY294002-treated SMCs, where the polar nucleus migration and the asymmetrical division were inhibited, AF-patches were assembled. Moreover, in auxintreated leaves, in which SMC polarization and asymmetrical division is expanded into protodermal regions close to leaf base, AFpatch was only detected in SMCs bulging toward their adjacent GMCs.…”

Section: Auxin Signaling and Induction Of Smc Divisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data may confirm the hypothesis that, in SMCs of grasses, asymmetrical division and determination of the division plane are controlled by different stimuli, both of GMC origin. 12 SMC division seems to be triggered by auxin signaling, whereas the SMC division plane may be differently determined.…”

Section: Auxin Signaling and Induction Of Smc Divisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This signal might be a chemical substance emitted by the GMC 1,2,6-9 or a mechanical stimulus exerted by the GMC on its lateral SMCs. 2,[10][11][12][13] Considering the above, as well as that SMC division is characterized by a shift of the division plane orientation in protoderm from transverse to leaf axis to longitudinal one (review by ref. 2; see also Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 In addition, phospholipases C and D (PLC/PLD) signal transduction pathways seem to promote the induction or perception of the stimuli emitted by the GMC, controlling the SMC asymmetrical division. 12 On the other hand, phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K) modulates phospholipid turnover catalyzing the phosphorylation of phosphoinositides and importantly, its function assists auxin signaling. 29 Moreover, PI3K catalytic activity is necessary for generation of cell polarity in migrating monospores of the red alga Porphyra yezoensis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Auxin as an inducer of asymmetrical division generating the subsidiary cells in stomatal complexes ofZea mays

Livanos

Giannoutsou

Apostolakos³

et al. 2015

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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The data presented in this work revealed that in Zea mays the exogenously added auxins indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), promoted the establishment of subsidiary cell mother cell (SMC) polarity and the subsequent subsidiary cell formation, while treatment with auxin transport inhibitors 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and 1-napthoxyacetic acid (NOA) specifically blocked SMC polarization and asymmetrical division. Furthermore, in young guard cell mother cells (GMCs) the PIN1 auxin efflux carriers were mainly localized in the transverse GMC faces, while in the advanced GMCs they appeared both in the transverse and the lateral ones adjacent to SMCs. Considering that phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K) is an active component of auxin signal transduction and that phospholipid signaling contributes in the establishment of polarity, treatments with the specific inhibitor of the PI3K LY294002 were carried out. The presence of LY294002 suppressed polarization of SMCs and prevented their asymmetrical division, whereas combined treatment with exogenously added NAA and LY294002 restricted the promotional auxin influence on subsidiary cell formation. These findings support the view that auxin is involved in Z. mays subsidiary cell formation, probably functioning as inducer of the asymmetrical SMC division. Collectively, the results obtained from treatments with auxin transport inhibitors and the appearance of PIN1 proteins in the lateral GMC faces indicate a local transfer of auxin from GMCs to SMCs. Moreover, auxin signal transduction seems to be mediated by the catalytic function of PI3K.

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Section: Subsidiary Cell Formation In Control Seedlingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Auxin Signaling and Induction Of Smc Divisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Auxin Signaling and Induction Of Smc Divisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Auxin as an inducer of asymmetrical division generating the subsidiary cells in stomatal complexes ofZea mays

Livanos

Giannoutsou

Apostolakos³

et al. 2015

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Formation of an endoplasmic reticulum ring associated with acetylated microtubules in the angiosperm preprophase band

Giannoutsou¹,

Galatis²,

Zachariadis³

et al. 2012

Cytoskeleton

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We investigated the organization of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in prophase cells of the angiosperms Zea mays, Triticum turgidum, and Vigna sinensis. In both symmetrically and asymmetrically dividing protodermal leaf cells, cortical ER was enriched in the preprophase band and colocalized there with microtubules, forming a ring-like structure (ER ring). In contrast, ER ring was absent from prophase root-tip cells of the same plants, suggesting that ER ring formation in the preprophase band is organ specific. Immunolabeling of the protodermal leaf cells revealed the presence of acetylated microtubules, which are more stable than the nonacetylated ones. In contrast, neither this post-translational modification of tubulin nor an accumulation of ER in the preprophase band was detected in root-tip cells. Experimentally delaying the maturation/disassembly of the microtubule ring of the preprophase band by taxol or cyclopiazonic acid treatment led to the appearance of ER ring and acetylated microtubules in the preprophase band. Together, our data show that in dividing cells of angiosperms, an ER ring associated with acetylated microtubules forms in the preprophase band.

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Spatio-temporal diversification of the cell wall matrix materials in the developing stomatal complexes of Zea mays

Giannoutsou¹,

Apostolakos²,

Galatis³

2016

Planta

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The matrix cell wall materials, in developing Zea mays stomatal complexes are asymmetrically distributed, a phenomenon appearing related to the local cell wall expansion and deformation, the establishment of cell polarity, and determination of the cell division plane. In cells of developing Zea mays stomatal complexes, definite cell wall regions expand determinately and become locally deformed. This differential cell wall behavior is obvious in the guard cell mother cells (GMCs) and the subsidiary cell mother cells (SMCs) that locally protrude towards the adjacent GMCs. The latter, emitting a morphogenetic stimulus, induce polarization/asymmetrical division in SMCs. Examination of immunolabeled specimens revealed that homogalacturonans (HGAs) with a high degree of de-esterification (2F4- and JIM5-HGA epitopes) and arabinogalactan proteins are selectively distributed in the extending and deformed cell wall regions, while their margins are enriched with rhamnogalacturonans (RGAs) containing highly branched arabinans (LM6-RGA epitope). In SMCs, the local cell wall matrix differentiation constitutes the first structural event, indicating the establishment of cell polarity. Moreover, in the premitotic GMCs and SMCs, non-esterified HGAs (2F4-HGA epitope) are preferentially localized in the cell wall areas outlining the cytoplasm where the preprophase band is formed. In these areas, the forthcoming cell plate fuses with the parent cell walls. These data suggest that the described heterogeneity in matrix cell wall materials is probably involved in: (a) local cell wall expansion and deformation, (b) the transduction of the inductive GMC stimulus, and

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The involvement of phospholipases C and D in the asymmetric division of subsidiary cell mother cells ofZea mays

Cited by 24 publications

References 58 publications

Auxin as an inducer of asymmetrical division generating the subsidiary cells in stomatal complexes ofZea mays

Auxin as an inducer of asymmetrical division generating the subsidiary cells in stomatal complexes ofZea mays

Formation of an endoplasmic reticulum ring associated with acetylated microtubules in the angiosperm preprophase band

Spatio-temporal diversification of the cell wall matrix materials in the developing stomatal complexes of Zea mays

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