The irradiation-induced swelling of uranium carbide

Thermal Aspects of Conventional and Alternative Fuels in SuperCritical Water-Cooled Reactor (SCWR) Applications

“…In addition, as shown in Fig. 10, Harrison (1969) provided the volumetric swelling of UC as a function of burn-up for various temperatures. …”

An off-line method to characterize the fission product release from uranium carbide-target prototypes developed for SPIRAL2 project

“…Because of the drastic conditions of use, these characteristics could change. High temperatures and high irradiation doses will modify considerably the initial properties of the material and could lead to the collapse of the material by swelling, polygonization or amorphization [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Alternative ways to produce these UC x targets were examined such as the carbothermal reduction at high temperature of other uranium precursors such as oxide [25,26] or oxalate [24].…”

Development of radioactive beams at ALTO: Part 1. Physicochemical comparison of different types of UCx targets using a multivariate statistical approach

“…However, high temperatures combined with high doses of radiation may alter the initial properties of the material. Frequently mentioned problems, which in the long term weaken the material, are the swelling [5]- [7] and the modifications of cell parameters [8]. In order to maximize their release properties, uranium carbide targets are used in ISOL facilities with excess carbon [3], typically U/C = 1/6 ratios [9].…”