The Ishihara Test for Colour Blindness

Color vision deficiency (CVD) is an ocular congenital disorder that affects 8% of males and 0.5% of females. The most prevalent form of color vision deficiency (color blindness) affects protans and deutans and is more commonly known as “red–green color blindness”. Since there is no cure for this disorder, CVD patients opt for wearables that aid in enhancing their color perception. The most common wearable used by CVD patients is a form of tinted glass/lens. Those glasses filter out the problematic wavelengths (540–580 nm) for the red–green CVD patients using organic dyes. However, few studies have addressed the fabrication of contact lenses for color vision deficiency, and several problems related to their effectiveness and toxicity were reported. In this study, gold nanoparticles are integrated into contact lens material, thus forming nanocomposite contact lenses targeted for red–green CVD application. Three distinct sets of nanoparticles were characterized and incorporated with the hydrogel material of the lenses (pHEMA), and their resulting optical and material properties were assessed. The transmission spectra of the developed nanocomposite lenses were analogous to those of the commercial CVD wearables, and their water retention and wettability capabilities were superior to those in some of the commercially available contact lenses used for cosmetic/vision correction purposes. Hence, this work demonstrates the potential of gold nanocomposite lenses in CVD management and, more generally, color filtering applications.

show abstract

“…Unlike the Ishihara test, the Richard HRR test can diagnose the CVD type and its severity. 10 , 12 , 13 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanocomposite Contact Lenses for Color Blindness Management

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Participants were brought to the waiting room and were provided with an information sheet that fully described the experiment. The screening phase assessed a participant's visual acuity color perception, and ability to perceive the haptic stimuli [56][57][58]. The screening process for participants for visual acuity, color perception, and haptic sensation required participants to achieve a threshold score to be eligible for the actual testing.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quality of Experience assessment of haptic and augmented reality feedback modalities in a gait analysis system

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gait analysis is a technique that is used to understand movement patterns and, in some cases, to inform the development of rehabilitation protocols. Traditional rehabilitation approaches have relied on expert guided feedback in clinical settings. Such efforts require the presence of an expert to inform the re-training (to evaluate any improvement) and the patient to travel to the clinic. Nowadays, potential opportunities exist to employ the use of digitized "feedback" modalities to help a user to "understand" improved gait technique. This is important as clear and concise feedback can enhance the quality of rehabilitation and recovery. A critical requirement emerges to consider the quality of feedback from the user perspective i.e. how they process, understand and react to the feedback. In this context, this paper reports the results of a Quality of Experience (QoE) evaluation of two feedback modalities: Augmented Reality (AR) and Haptic, employed as part of an overall gait analysis system. The aim of the feedback is to reduce varus/valgus misalignments, which can cause serious orthopedics problems. The QoE analysis considers objective (improvement in knee alignment) and subjective (questionnaire responses) user metrics in 26 participants, as part of a within subject design. Participants answered 12 questions on QoE aspects such as utility, usability, interaction and immersion of the feedback modalities via post-test reporting. In addition, objective metrics of participant performance (angles and alignment) were also considered as indicators of the utility of each feedback modality. The findings show statistically significant higher QoE ratings for AR feedback. Also, the number of knee misalignments was reduced after users experienced AR feedback (35% improvement with AR feedback relative to baseline when compared to haptic). Gender analysis showed significant differences in performance for number of misalignments and time to correct valgus misalignment (for males when they experienced AR feedback). The female group self-reported higher utility and QoE ratings for AR when compared to male group.A QoE assessment of haptic and augmented reality feedback modalities in a gait analysis system PLOS ONE | https://doi.This section contains a critique of related research in terms of multimodal gait feedback systems and QoE assessments approaches for Haptic and AR (not all are specific to gait feedback). Each of these aspects are relevant to the scope of this work. PLOS ONEA QoE assessment of haptic and augmented reality feedback modalities in a gait analysis system PLOS ONE | https://doi.

show abstract

“…Consideration of varies of spot size, in both background and pattern and the brightness of the spot is added into design of the colour plate in order to solve the edge artefact problem (De Alwis and Kon, 1992). The Ishihara Colour Plates are very effective in determining the defect of the protan (red photoreceptor) and deutan (green photoreceptor) (Pickford, 1949). It has been widely used to test colour blindness that commonly on congenital red-green color deficiency (Birch, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computerised Hand-held Portable Eye Testing Kit

Fu¹,

Swee²,

Khairy-Shamel³

et al. 2014

RJASET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study describes development for set of stand-alone portable electronics eye testing kit using microprocessor and LCD screen. A brief explanation of the system development and the selection of the hardware are presented and the prototype is successful built with Arduino Uno and Adafruit 1.8 inch diagonal TFT LCD screen. The prototype is working in good condition and the images are displayed according to the own specification.

show abstract

The Ishihara Test for Colour Blindness

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Gold Nanocomposite Contact Lenses for Color Blindness Management

Gold Nanocomposite Contact Lenses for Color Blindness Management

A Quality of Experience assessment of haptic and augmented reality feedback modalities in a gait analysis system

Computerised Hand-held Portable Eye Testing Kit

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About