The Islamic State’s destruction of Yezidi heritage: Responses, resilience and reconstruction after genocide

Isakhan, Benjamin; Shahab, Sofya

doi:10.1177/1469605319884137

Cited by 49 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…ISIS seized one-third of Iraq's territory causing massive displacement of its citizens, with more than 830,000 people being forced from their homes [3]. At least twenty historic sites of worship were destroyed [4]. The vast majority of Yazidis escaped to the Kurdistan region of North Iraq by late August 2014, but thousands of Yazidis were killed or kidnapped.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival after Sexual Violence and Genocide: Trauma and Healing for Yazidi Women in Northern Iraq

Goodman¹,

Bergbower²,

Perrotte³

et al. 2020

Health

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Introduction: In August 2014, the Yazidi community of Sinjar, in the Nineveh Governorate of Northern Iraq, was brutally targeted by the so-called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) for annihilation through murder, torture, and the systematic and premeditated use of rape and sexual slavery of Yazidi women. In 2016, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights concluded that ISIS was committing genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes against Yazidis. Methods: Using current international literature, which includes reviews, qualitative interviews of survivors, and reports from medical and humanitarian actors, this paper explores the short and potentially long-term physical and mental health consequences of the extreme physical and sexual violence and atrocities perpetrated against Yazidi women. Results: Yazidi women survivors of kidnapping, sex slavery, and rape experienced significant levels of physical ailments, chronic pain, and mental health conditions. All women reported feelings of guilt, stress, insomnia, and severe flashbacks. The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ranged from 42% to 90%. Sixty-seven percent suffered from a somatoform disorder, 53% had depression, 39% experienced anxiety, and 28% suffered from dissociation. Conclusions: Sexual violence against women is a common tool systematically employed during wars and genocide. In recent ISIS attacks, intentional perpetration of mass rapes of women and execution of men was a strategy to destroy an entire population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival after Sexual Violence and Genocide: Trauma and Healing for Yazidi Women in Northern Iraq

Goodman¹,

Bergbower²,

Perrotte³

et al. 2020

Health

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show abstract

“…Continued persecution into the 21st century, first under Saddam Hussein and later by the rise of sectarian violence in Iraq after Hussein’s death, resulted in widespread displacement (Al-Khalidi et al, 2007; Hanish, 2009). The Yazidis have endured at least 72 genocides over the past 800 years (Isakhan & Shahab, 2020). The most recent genocide began in August 2014 when the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) massacred more than 7,000 Yazidis in the Sinjar region (Kizilhan & Noll-Hussong, 2017).…”

Section: Yazidis and Yazidism: Centuries Of Persecution And Genocidementioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Bereavement and Resilience in Refugee Resettlement: A Photovoice Study With Yazidi Women in the Midwest United States

et al. 2021

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This study explored how ethnic Yazidi refugee women overcome adversity to promote psychosocial health and well-being within the context of U.S. resettlement. Nine Yazidi women participated in two small photovoice groups, each group lasting eight sessions (16 sessions total). Women discussed premigration and resettlement challenges, cultural strengths and resources, and strategies to overcome adversity. Yazidi women identified trauma and perceived loss of culture as primary stressors. Participants’ resilience processes included using naan (as sustenance and symbol) to survive and thrive as well as by preserving an ethnoreligious identity. Findings suggest that women’s health priorities and resilience-promoting strategies center on fostering a collective cultural, religious, and ethnic identity postmigration. Importantly, women used naan (bread) as a metaphor to index cultural values, experiences of distress, and coping strategies. We discuss implications for this in promoting refugees’ mental and psychosocial health in U.S. resettlement.

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“…Whether reconstruction is a message for peace and cooperation, whether a demolished cultural heritage in the world heritage list of UNESCO should be removed from the list when it is reconstructed, whether reconstruction has reasonable grounds for educational purposes and so forth should be also taken into consideration. 47 Although it is not certain for specialised scientists whether a cultural heritage should be demolished because of war, natural disaster etc. to make a decision about reconstruction.…”

Section: Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remains from a Demolished Cultural Heritage: A Historical House in Karaagac

Pehlivan¹

2021

art-sanat

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Reflecting the historical, cultural and sociological characteristics of an era, historical houses are one of the building blocks of society's identity. However, today it is observed that these buildings were abandoned for various reasons and then demolished due to the lack of maintenance. The example examined in this article is a traditional house that was documented ten years ago and demolished in a later period. The building which contains the general characteristics of the traditional residential architecture in Karaagac consists of a basement and ground floor. Built in the nineteenth century, the house consists of a gable roof covering the rectangular plan (inner sofa plan type) with a backyard and extension. In the 21 st century, historical buildings have been abandoned because of some reasons such as, not meeting the changing needs for housing, heirs' not compromising, not being able to compensate maintenance and repair cost. After their abandonment, it was determined that the building was destroyed and then its wreck was removed. It is suggested to use cultural heritage for preventing them from facing this situation in this study. Because a cultural heritage requires continuous maintenance and repair, a sustainable preservation will be needed.With this study, it is aimed to bring the remaining data of a destroyed cultural heritage into the literature and to determine what needs to be done before reaching the demolition process. The second aim is to encourage a sustainable preservation of the cultural heritage while considering preservation-usage balance. In this article, literature review is used as a method. The material of this study consists of building survey, building survey report and photographs of the traditional house.

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The Islamic State’s destruction of Yezidi heritage: Responses, resilience and reconstruction after genocide

Cited by 49 publications

References 62 publications

Survival after Sexual Violence and Genocide: Trauma and Healing for Yazidi Women in Northern Iraq

Survival after Sexual Violence and Genocide: Trauma and Healing for Yazidi Women in Northern Iraq

Cultural Bereavement and Resilience in Refugee Resettlement: A Photovoice Study With Yazidi Women in the Midwest United States

Remains from a Demolished Cultural Heritage: A Historical House in Karaagac

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