The Islamophobia Scale: Instrument Development and Initial Validation

Lee, Sherman A.; Gibbons, Jeffrey A.; Thompson, John M.; Timani, Hussam S.

doi:10.1080/10508610802711137

Cited by 127 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It is in line with findings in other studies that friendship with a Muslim was negatively related to Islamophobia sentiments (Lee et al 2009). Both cognitive and affective factors influence ways in which extensive contact with outgroup members diminishes uncertainty about the outgroup and ultimately lessens prejudice (Dovidio, Gaertner, and Kawakami.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…To overcome this shortcoming, Moore (2002) used a probe to measure familiarity with Muslims. Lee et al (2009) introduced a proxy measure; they used ''the number of friends a participant reported'' as a proxy measure for effective contact with Muslims. However, because of the limitation of the data, the current study could not use a probe nor measure the number of Muslim friends.…”

Section: Data and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, this study aims to explore the factors that account for Islamophobia drawing on a nationally representative survey. The term Islamaphobia is usually defined as fear of Muslims or of the Islamic religion (Lee et al 2009;Soldatova 2007). Although the data used in this study has no measures of ''fear'' of Islam, I am able to measure the degree to which respondents show low regard for Islam relative to other religions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Islamophobia? Religion, Contact with Muslims, and the Respect for Islam

Jung

2012

Review of Religious Research

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In the midst of growing reservations about Muslims in America, this study seeks to explore the factors accounting for Islamophobia by utilizing nationally representative data. The findings suggest that religious affiliations have differential effects on the degree to which one respects Islam, with Christians more likely to have low regard for Islam. The image of a God who punishes his followers for their sins has a positive association with the odds of Islam being least respected among all religions. While higher frequency of contact with Muslims predicts an overall improved opinion for Islam, evangelical and black Protestants present the opposite picture. Their increased exposure to Muslims leads to lower respect for Islam. I discuss the implications of these findings for theories of intergroup contact and subcultural identity.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Data and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Islamophobia? Religion, Contact with Muslims, and the Respect for Islam

Jung

2012

Review of Religious Research

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“…The Islamophobia Scale (Lee, Gibbons, Thompson, & Timani, 2009) was used to ascertain the level of prejudice towards Muslims. The scale contained 16 items, such as "Islam is a dangerous religion".…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paranoia predicts out-group prejudice: preliminary experimental data

Lopes

Jaspal

2015

Mental Health, Religion & Culture

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This article examines the relationships between exposure to terrorism news and state social paranoia, death anxiety and Islamophobia. In two experiments we show that, contrary to previous research in this area, the terrorism news condition did not significantly increase state social paranoia, death anxiety and prejudice towards Muslims, but that paranoid thinking was the sole predictor of Islamophobia. Trait paranoia is associated with both poor well-being and with negative perceptions of Muslim competitive players -a form of interrelational prejudice. Results indicated that the frequency of paranoid thoughts mediates the relationship between death anxiety and anti-Muslim prejudice and trait paranoia is the main predictor of the negative perceptions of a Muslim competing player. This study elucidates new pathways to understanding terror management theory, by including paranoia as a type of thinking that predisposes individuals to be suspicious of salient out-groups.

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“…In a second paper drawing on the second database, Village (2011) focused on the responses given by 2,756 white adolescents and employed path analysis to disentangle the complex web of relationships connecting personality, religiosity and outgroup prejudice. The assessment of attitudes toward religious diversity building on the concept of 'social distance' offers an approach that ismay be less confrontational than the approach advanced, for example, by Lee, Gibbons, Thompson, &and Timani (2009) in their development of 'The Islamophobia Scale', or as discussed by Jung (2012) in the discussion of 'Islamophobia'.…”

Section: Religion In Northern Irelandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing outgroup prejudice among 13–15-year-old students attending Catholic and Protestant secondary schools in Northern Ireland: An empirical enquiry

Francis

Village

2015

Irish Educational Studies

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Northern Ireland has been and remains a religiously divided community. This study sets out to examine outgroup prejudice among a sample of 1,799 13-to 15-year-old students attending Catholic or Protestant schools and employs both bivariate analyses and hierarchical modelling to chart the associations between outgroup prejudice and personal factors (sex and age), psychological factors (extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism) and religious factors (affiliation, church attendance, and personal prayer). After taking personal, psychological and religious factors into account, little variance in levels of outgroup prejudice between students could be attributed to the type of school they attended.

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The Islamophobia Scale: Instrument Development and Initial Validation

Cited by 127 publications

References 21 publications

Islamophobia? Religion, Contact with Muslims, and the Respect for Islam

Islamophobia? Religion, Contact with Muslims, and the Respect for Islam

Paranoia predicts out-group prejudice: preliminary experimental data

Assessing outgroup prejudice among 13–15-year-old students attending Catholic and Protestant secondary schools in Northern Ireland: An empirical enquiry

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