“…Based on a collocation approach, the latter was first considered in [PGK + 09] for 2D and in [SSE + 13] for 3D. We refer to the monograph [BMD20] for an introduction on IGABEM and to [DHK + 18, DHK + 20] for an efficient IGABEM implementation based on the fast multipole method. However, to the best of our knowledge, a posteriori error estimation and adaptive mesh-refinement for IGABEM, have only been considered for simple 2D model problems in the own works [FGP15, FGHP16, FGHP17, FGPS19, GPS20], which employ B-splines on the one-dimensional boundary, and the recent work [FGK + 19], which employs hierarchical B-splines.…”