The isolated perfused bovine retina—A sensitive tool for pharmacological research on retinal function

Lüke, Matthias; Weiergräber, Marco; Brand, Carl; Siapich, Siarhei A.; Banat, Mohammed; Hescheler, Jürgen; Lüke, Christoph; Schneider, Toni

doi:10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.09.001

Cited by 49 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Finally, the composition of the media is crucial. In the 1960s, Prof. Sickel heavily invested in developing this specialized media for these measurements and he was able to find an optimized media without needing glutamate for a stable retinal response 13,14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technique of the isolated retina has been introduced recently, making it possible to evaluate effects on the retina without interferences from e.g. a study animal's general reactions 13,14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the b-wave depends on cell-to-cell interaction of different retinal cells and the activity of the photoreceptors. By using aspartate to isolate the a-wave it is possible to examine the effect of manipulations on the photoreceptors alone 23 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glutamate and Hypoxia as a Stress Model for the Isolated Perfused Vertebrate Retina

Januschowski

Müller

Krupp

et al. 2015

JoVE

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Neuroprotection has been a strong field of investigation in ophthalmological research in the past decades and affects diseases such as glaucoma, retinal vascular occlusion, retinal detachment, and diabetic retinopathy. It was the object of this study to introduce a standardized stress model for future preclinical therapeutic testing.Bovine retinas were prepared and perfused with an oxygen saturated standard solution, and the ERG was recorded. After recording stable bwaves, hypoxia (pure N 2 ) or glutamate stress (250 µm glutamate) was exerted for 45 min. To investigate the effects on photoreceptor function alone, 1 mM aspartate was added to obtain a-waves. ERG-recovery was monitored for 75 min.For hypoxia, a decrease in a-wave amplitude of 87.0% was noted (p <0.01) after an exposition time of 45 min (decrease of 36.5% after the end of the washout p = 0.03). Additionally, an initial decrease in b-wave amplitudes of 87.23% was recorded, that reached statistical significance (p <0.01, decrease of 25.5% at the end of the washout, p = 0.03).For 250 µm glutamate, an initial 7.8% reduction of a-wave amplitudes (p >0.05) followed by a reduction of 1.9% (p >0.05). A reduction of 83.7% of b-wave amplitudes (p <0.01) was noted; after a washout of 75 min the reduction was 2.3% (p = 0.62). In this study, a standardized stress model is presented that may be useful to identify possible neuroprotective effects in the future. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glutamate and Hypoxia as a Stress Model for the Isolated Perfused Vertebrate Retina

Januschowski

Müller

Krupp

et al. 2015

JoVE

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“…In the past, the model of the isolated and superfused vertebrate retina was frequently used for the screening of drug and other toxin effects on the sensitive phototransduction and transretinal signaling [20,[46][47][48] (Figure 2). …”

Section: Transretinal Signaling Of Neuronal Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected aspects of retinal signaling and energy metabolism and its perspective as a cerebral surrogate model

Albanna¹,

Lüke²,

Alpdogan³

et al. 2018

New Front Ophthalmol

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Purpose: The isolated and superfused retina from vertebrates is routinely used for neurophysiological measurements of basic retinal signal generation and transduction. Such an ex vivo isolated neural network moreover represents a useful model system for the investigation of drugs and toxins and may also be helpful to elucidate molecular mechanisms of CNS diseases. The present overview aims to bring observations to the reader's attention, which, in part, have been made more than 50 years ago and were sparsely followed up upon in subsequent research, but may support the idea that the isolated bovine retina represents a useful system to investigate the physiology and pathophysiology of energy supply to neuronal tissue. Material and methods:Parallel recording of ERGs and pyridine nucleotide oxidation in the isolated and superfused vertebrate retina. The review will focus on topics, which discuss the connection between retinal electrophysiology and underlying energy metabolism.Results: Previous and present reports about (i) transretinal signaling cascades, (ii) the involvement of the pharmacoresistant Cav2.3 / R-type calcium channel in transretinal signaling and (iii) data about the retinal oxygen demands and concentration in different layers are collected, which elucidate that the retina may be used as a cerebral surrogate model in different research areas. Retinal tolerance to ischemia is several times larger than the tolerance in the remaining brain. Conclusions:The retinal energy supply through retinal vessels is regulated and controlled by neurovascular coupling. Classical retinal recording techniques and special retinal abilities in electrical-vascular coupling will be set in perspective with novel recording techniques, currently brought into clinical application for the detection of impaired neurovascular coupling after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the brain. The present review elucidates that important pathophysiological aspects related to the upregulation of pharmacoresistant Cav2.3 / R-type calcium channels during SAH may be investigated in the isolated vertebrate retina. Ischemic tolerance in the vertebrate retinaThe oxygen consumption of the vertebrate retina on a per gram basis has been described as higher than that of the brain [1,2]. Oxygen cannot be "stored" in tissue so that a constant and adequate supply must be guaranteed to preserve function. Metabolic dysfunction regarding to impaired vascular supply is directly reflected by retinal oxygen saturation which can be detected noninvasively by dual wavelength fundus photography [3]. Normally, the oxygen saturation in retinal vessels differs along vascular segments and is higher in the macular region than retinal periphery [4]. Many retinal diseases are caused by a dysfunction of the vascular network. Interestingly, the venous oxygen saturation in diabetic retinopathy was higher in venules draining the macular surroundings than retinal periphery that reflect specific metabolic conditions [5,6].Since a relatively unobstructed light path...

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“…Vertebrate retina has routinely been isolated from bovine [1][2][3][4] or rat eyes [5]. However, many animal models for disturbances in neuronal signalling rely on gene inactivation or transgenes in mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroretinographic Recordings from the Isolated and Superfused Murine Retina

Alnawaiseh¹,

Albanna²,

Banat³

et al. 2011

Electroretinograms

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The isolated perfused bovine retina—A sensitive tool for pharmacological research on retinal function

Cited by 49 publications

References 27 publications

Glutamate and Hypoxia as a Stress Model for the Isolated Perfused Vertebrate Retina

Glutamate and Hypoxia as a Stress Model for the Isolated Perfused Vertebrate Retina

Selected aspects of retinal signaling and energy metabolism and its perspective as a cerebral surrogate model

Electroretinographic Recordings from the Isolated and Superfused Murine Retina

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