The isolated, perfused rat brain preparation metabolizes manmose but not maltose<sup>1</sup>

Sloviter, Henry A.; Kamimoto, T.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1970.tb02266.x

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These results are in agreement with the finding that perfused brain (Sloviter and Kamimoto, 1970) and brain slices (Chain et al, 1969) can generate lactate from mannose equally as well as from glucose. Mannose is taken up by astroglial cells and phosphorylated by hexokinase (R. Dringen, K. Bergbauer, H. Wiesinger, and &.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Dringen, K. Bergbauer, H. Wiesinger, and B. Hamprecht, in preparation) both types of mouse astroglial cultures-the astroglia-rich primary culture and the sorbitol-selected pure astroglial culture-are able to utilize mannose instead of glucose for the synthesis of glycogen and the genera-tion and release of lactate. These results are in agreement with the finding that perfused brain (Sloviter and Kamimoto, 1970) and brain slices (Chain et al, 1969) can generate lactate from mannose equally as well as from glucose. Mannose is taken up by astroglial cells and phosphorylated by hexokinase (R. Dringen, K. Bergbauer, H. Wiesinger, and &.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Differences in glycogen metabolism in astroglia‐rich primary cultures and sorbitol‐selected astroglial cultures derived from mouse brain

Dringen

Hamprecht

1993

Glia

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Recently it has become possible by chemical selection using sorbitol instead of glucose in the culture medium to produce pure astroglial cultures from astroglia-rich primary cultures from mouse brain. The glycogen-degrading enzyme glycogen phosphorylase in brain is localized in astrocytes and ependymal cells. In view of this fact it appeared necessary to study the influence of glucose and other hexoses on the glycogen metabolism in these cultures lacking the influence of other cell types in comparison to the astroglia-rich primary cultures containing several types of cells. The sorbitol-fed selected cultures and the glucose-deprived astroglia-rich primary cultures contain less than 10% of the glycogen encountered in glucose-fed primary cultures. During incubation with glucose the glycogen content of the selected cultures and the glucose-deprived primary cultures increases by more than one order of magnitude. Nevertheless, not all cells are found to have accumulated glycogen. The time course of the replenishment of glycogen is similar in both types of culture, although maximal levels reached in the selected cultures are 3 times those in the astroglia-rich primary cultures. This difference might be explained by the fact that the ratio of the maximal activities of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in selected cultures was found to be twice that in the unselected cultures. During glucose deprivation the glycogen content is reduced in both culture systems with half-maximal contents being reached at 15 min (primary culture) and 45 min (selected culture). Both types of culture can also utilize mannose for the synthesis of glycogen and the production of lactate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Differences in glycogen metabolism in astroglia‐rich primary cultures and sorbitol‐selected astroglial cultures derived from mouse brain

Dringen

Hamprecht

1993

Glia

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“…The result with mannose was expected, given mannose's known efficacy in sustaining whole brain function (Sloviter and Kamimoto, 1970). Mannose is taken up by the glucose transporter, which is expressed in both astrocytes and neurons.…”

Section: Alternative Energy Substratesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Metabolic substrates other than glucose support axon function in central white matter

Brown

Wender

Ransom

2001

J of Neuroscience Research

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We tested the hypothesis that non-glucose energy sources can support axon function in the rat optic nerve. Axon function was assessed by monitoring the stimulus-evoked compound action potential (CAP). CAP was maintained at full amplitude for 2 hr in 10 mM glucose. 20 mM lactate, 20 mM pyruvate, 10 mM fructose, or 10 mM mannose supported axon function as effectively as did glucose, and 10 mM glutamine provided partial support, but beta-hydroxybutyrate, octanoate, sorbitol, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate failed to support axon function. Our results indicated that a variety of compounds can sustain function in CNS myelinated axons. Axons probably use lactate, pyruvate, and glutamine directly as energy substrates, whereas mannose and fructose could be shuttled through astrocytes to lactate, which is then exported to axons.

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“…The activity of the normal adult brain depends almost exclusively on the combustion of glucose. However brain tissue has the enzymes necessary to use other hexoses, including mannose (Kizer and McCoy, 1960;Wood and Cahill, 1963;Joshi and Jagannathan, 1968;Sloviter and Kamimoto, 1970;Ghosh et al, 1972), and galactose (Burton et al, 1958;Abadom and Scholefield, 1962;Brady 1962Brady , 1964. The three enzymes needed to metabolize galactose-galactokinase, galactose-1 -phosphate uridyltransferase, and UDP-galactose epimerase-are all constituents of brain tissue and are normally active in the synthesis and breakdown of galactose-containing cerebrosides (Brammer 1984).…”

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confidence: 99%

Blood‐Brain Transfer of Galactose in Experimental Galactosemia, with Special Reference to the Competitive Interaction Between Galactose and Glucose

Gjedde¹

1984

Journal of Neurochemistry

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The interaction between glucose and galactose during transport across the cerebral capillary endothelium was studied in anesthetized rats. Although galactose is present in the diet of suckling mammals and is a potential substrate for brain metabolism in adult mammals, its effect on glucose transport in adult rats is unknown. A kinetic model was formulated to analyze the effect of chronically elevated galactose levels on glucose transport in adult rats. The analysis indicated that galactose and glucose compete for the same transport mechanism in the cerebral capillary endothelium. The Tmax of glucose and galactose were both about 380 mumol 100 g-1 min-1 and the Kt of galactose (30 mM) was about three times that of glucose (10 mM). During prolonged galactosemia in adult rats, neither the Tmax, nor the Kt of either competitor changed substantially when compared with rats subjected to acute galactosemia. At 10 mM galactose in plasma in rats with acute galactosemia, the inhibition of glucose transport, simulated a 25% reduction of plasma glucose, and in rats with chronic galactosemia a 20% reduction. This moderate effect is in contrast to the effect of galactose in suckling rats in which 10 mM galactose in plasma reduced the glucose transport to a level corresponding to a 50% reduction of the plasma glucose concentration.

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The isolated, perfused rat brain preparation metabolizes manmose but not maltose¹

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Differences in glycogen metabolism in astroglia‐rich primary cultures and sorbitol‐selected astroglial cultures derived from mouse brain

Differences in glycogen metabolism in astroglia‐rich primary cultures and sorbitol‐selected astroglial cultures derived from mouse brain

Metabolic substrates other than glucose support axon function in central white matter

Blood‐Brain Transfer of Galactose in Experimental Galactosemia, with Special Reference to the Competitive Interaction Between Galactose and Glucose

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The isolated, perfused rat brain preparation metabolizes manmose but not maltose1

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Differences in glycogen metabolism in astroglia‐rich primary cultures and sorbitol‐selected astroglial cultures derived from mouse brain

Differences in glycogen metabolism in astroglia‐rich primary cultures and sorbitol‐selected astroglial cultures derived from mouse brain

Metabolic substrates other than glucose support axon function in central white matter

Blood‐Brain Transfer of Galactose in Experimental Galactosemia, with Special Reference to the Competitive Interaction Between Galactose and Glucose

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The isolated, perfused rat brain preparation metabolizes manmose but not maltose¹