The isolation and identification of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 from Medicago sativa (alfalfa plant)

Horst, R. L.; Reinhardt, Timothy A.; Russell,; Jl, Napoli

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(84)90363-1

Cited by 56 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It is known that plants and poikilothermic animals contain several different forms of provitamin D 1 , 31 . Similarly mushrooms are capable of producing more than one provitamin D. It had always been assumed that UV irradiated mushrooms were only capable of producing vitamin D 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiology of vitamin D in mushrooms and its bioavailability in humans

Keegan

Zhang

Bogusz

et al. 2013

Dermato-Endocrinology

120

116

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Mushrooms exposed to sunlight or UV radiation are an excellent source of dietary vitamin D2 because they contain high concentrations of the vitamin D precursor, provitamin D2. When mushrooms are exposed to UV radiation, provitamin D2 is converted to previtamin D2. Once formed, previtamin D2 rapidly isomerizes to vitamin D2 in a similar manner that previtamin D3 isomerizes to vitamin D3 in human skin. Continued exposure of mushrooms to UV radiation results in the production of lumisterol2 and tachysterol2. It was observed that the concentration of lumisterol2 remained constant in white button mushrooms for up to 24 h after being produced. However, in the same mushroom tachysterol2 concentrations rapidly declined and were undetectable after 24 h. Shiitake mushrooms not only produce vitamin D2 but also produce vitamin D3 and vitamin D4. A study of the bioavailability of vitamin D2 in mushrooms compared with the bioavailability of vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 in a supplement revealed that ingestion of 2000 IUs of vitamin D2 in mushrooms is as effective as ingesting 2000 IUs of vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 in a supplement in raising and maintaining blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D which is a marker for a person's vitamin D status. Therefore, mushrooms are a rich source of vitamin D2 that when consumed can increase and maintain blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a healthy range. Ingestion of mushrooms may also provide the consumer with a source of vitamin D3 and vitamin D4.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiology of vitamin D in mushrooms and its bioavailability in humans

Keegan

Zhang

Bogusz

et al. 2013

Dermato-Endocrinology

120

116

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“…One source of vitamin D may be blueberries that are infested by fungi that produce vitamin D 2 [26]; [28]; [29]. Other sources of vitamin D 2 may be plants, such as sun exposed and dried hay [30]; [31], alfalfa hay [32], or rye grass [33]. However, the free-ranging bears in our study were monitored throughout the year using GPS or VHF transmitters, so that we could document that none of the bears resided in cultivated areas or areas with grassland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Status and Bone and Connective Tissue Turnover in Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) during Hibernation and the Active State

et al. 2011

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BackgroundExtended physical inactivity causes disuse osteoporosis in humans. In contrast, brown bears (Ursus arctos) are highly immobilised for half of the year during hibernation without signs of bone loss and therefore may serve as a model for prevention of osteoporosis.AimTo study 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) levels and bone turnover markers in brown bears during the hibernating state in winter and during the active state in summer. We measured vitamin D subtypes (D2 and D3), calcitropic hormones (parathyroid hormone [PTH], 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]) and bone turnover parameters (osteocalcin, ICTP, CTX-I), PTH, serum calcium and PIIINP.Material and MethodsWe drew blood from seven immobilised wild brown bears during hibernation in February and in the same bears while active in June.ResultsSerum 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol (25OHD3) was significantly higher in the summer than in the winter (22.8±4.6 vs. 8.8±2.1 nmol/l, two tailed p - 2p = 0.02), whereas 25-hydroxy-ergocalciferol (25OHD2) was higher in winter (54.2±8.3 vs. 18.7±1.7 nmol/l, 2p<0.01). Total serum calcium and PTH levels did not differ between winter and summer. Activated 1,25(OH)2D demonstrated a statistically insignificant trend towards higher summer levels. Osteocalcin levels were higher in summer than winter, whereas other markers of bone turnover (ICTP and CTX-I) were unchanged. Serum PIIINP, which is a marker of connective tissue and to some degree muscle turnover, was significantly higher during summer than during winter.ConclusionsDramatic changes were documented in the vitamin D3/D2 ratio and in markers of bone and connective tissue turnover in brown bears between hibernation and the active state. Because hibernating brown bears do not develop disuse osteoporosis, despite extensive physical inactivity we suggest that they may serve as a model for the prevention of this disease.

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“…Different compounds contained in Lucerne have been reported, most notably alkaloids such as trigonelline and stachydrine (21), flavonoids such as quercetin, myricetin, medicarpin, trigonelline, daphnortine, cousmetrol and sativan (22)(23)(24). In addition to this, some phenolic compounds such as caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and vanillic acid have also been reported (25)(26)(27). M. sativa has been reported to contain good antioxidant activity in free radicals (28,29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Medicago sativaas a green corrosion inhibitor for 1018 carbon steel in 0.5 M H₂SO₄solution

Torres

Valladares-Cisneros

Rodriguez

2016

Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews

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A study on the use of the methanol extract of Medicago sativa as a green corrosion inhibitor for 1018 carbon steel in 0.5 M of sulfuric acid has been carried out by using potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and gravimetric tests. Testing temperatures were 25°C, 40°C and 60°C. Results showed that M. sativa is a good corrosion inhibitor, with its efficiency increasing with its concentration and with time, but decreasing with the temperature. M. sativa forms a passive film on top of the steel with a passive current density and pitting potential values lower than that for uninhibited solution, and remained on the steel for 8-12 h. This film formed by iron ions and heteroatoms present in OH − and amine groups from the extract are adsorbed on the steel and form a protective film on to the steel. ARTICLE HISTORY

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The isolation and identification of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 from Medicago sativa (alfalfa plant)

Cited by 56 publications

References 13 publications

Photobiology of vitamin D in mushrooms and its bioavailability in humans

Photobiology of vitamin D in mushrooms and its bioavailability in humans

Vitamin D Status and Bone and Connective Tissue Turnover in Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) during Hibernation and the Active State

Medicago sativaas a green corrosion inhibitor for 1018 carbon steel in 0.5 M H₂SO₄solution

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The isolation and identification of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 from Medicago sativa (alfalfa plant)

Cited by 56 publications

References 13 publications

Photobiology of vitamin D in mushrooms and its bioavailability in humans

Photobiology of vitamin D in mushrooms and its bioavailability in humans

Vitamin D Status and Bone and Connective Tissue Turnover in Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) during Hibernation and the Active State

Medicago sativaas a green corrosion inhibitor for 1018 carbon steel in 0.5 M H2SO4solution

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Medicago sativaas a green corrosion inhibitor for 1018 carbon steel in 0.5 M H₂SO₄solution