The Isolation of Actinomyces naeslundii from Sound Root Surfaces and Root Carious Lesions

Brailsford, Susan; Lynch, Edward; Beighton, David

doi:10.1159/000016438

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, there were significantly (P Ͻ 0.05) greater proportions of lactobacilli and S. mutans isolates in the plaque samples from those subjects with active caries, while the caries-free subjects harbored a significantly greater proportion of A. naeslundii isolates than the cariesactive subjects. These data demonstrate that subjects with caries harbored plaque that had apparently been subjected to different local stresses, including acid production, and that this difference had resulted in the accumulation of plaque with significantly different microfloras (3,7,9). The difference in the proportions of S. oralis isolates in the samples from the cariesfree and caries-active subjects was not significant (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…S. oralis is an oral commensal organism and is a member of the mitis group of viridans streptococci (41). A. naeslundii is a gram-positive pleomorphic rod which forms a significant component of commensal oral microfloras (7). A. naeslundii strains are assigned to two genospecies (1 and 2) on the basis of DNA homology (19) and may be identified by using genospecies-specific antisera (28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the Environment on Genotypic Diversity of Actinomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus oralis in the Oral Biofilm

Paddick

Brailsford

Kidd

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The genotypic diversity of Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 2 (424 isolates) and Streptococcus oralis (446 isolates) strains isolated from two sound approximal sites in all subjects who were either caries active (seven subjects) or caries free (seven subjects) was investigated by using the repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR. The plaque from the caries-active subjects harbored significantly greater proportions of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli and a smaller proportion of A. naeslundii organisms than the plaque sampled from the caries-free subjects. These data confirmed that the sites of the two groups of subjects were subjected to different environmental stresses, probably determined by the prevailing or fluctuating acidic pH values. We tested the hypothesis that the microfloras of the sites subjected to greater stresses (the plaque samples from the caries-active subjects) would exhibit reduced genotypic diversity since the sites would be less favorable. We found that the diversity of A. naeslundii strains did not change (2 ‫؍‬ 0.68; P ‫؍‬ 0.41) although the proportional representation of A. naeslundii was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Conversely, the diversity of the S. oralis strains increased (2 ‫؍‬ 11.71; P ‫؍‬ 0.0006) and the proportional representation of S. oralis did not change. We propose that under these environmental conditions the diversity and number of niches within the oral biofilm that could be exploited by S. oralis increased, resulting in the increased genotypic diversity of this species. Apparently, A. naeslundii was not able to exploit the new niches since the prevailing conditions within the niches may have been deleterious and not supportive of its proliferation. These results suggest that environmental stress may modify a biofilm such that the diversity of the niches is increased and that these niches may be successfully exploited by some, but not necessarily all, members of the microbial community.Dental plaque bacteria colonize the hard tissues of the oral cavity by ecological succession (4,29,30). Early colonizers of the dentition, including Actinomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus oralis, facilitate further bacterial colonization (16, 29) and maintain biofilm integrity (23), protecting the host against colonization by extraoral pathogens (36). S. oralis is an oral commensal organism and is a member of the mitis group of viridans streptococci (41). A. naeslundii is a gram-positive pleomorphic rod which forms a significant component of commensal oral microfloras (7). A. naeslundii strains are assigned to two genospecies (1 and 2) on the basis of DNA homology (19) and may be identified by using genospecies-specific antisera (28).The ability of bacteria to survive and persist in a given environment will depend, in part, on their inherent genetic plasticity, which determines their ability to respond to fluctuating local environmental conditions or stresses (13). The presence of active carious lesions indicates that the oral cavity is subject to local stresses, including the in...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Environment on Genotypic Diversity of Actinomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus oralis in the Oral Biofilm

Paddick

Brailsford

Kidd

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Some root caries lesions are dominated by Actinomyces naeslundii, A. israelii and A. gerencseriae [46][47][48][49][50]. The other significant species involved in caries includes Streptococcus mitis, Bifidobacterium and Actinomyces, a group of 'low pH' aciduric isolates which have been isolated from white spot lesions in humans [6,46,51]. In contrast to bacteria that lower plaque pH including Veillonella and Actinomyces associated with caries.…”

Section: Microorganisms Associated With Tooth Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental Caries: A Microbiological Approach

Yadav¹,

Prakash²

2017

J Clin Infect Dis Pract

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“…Actinomyces spp. have also been implicated in dental caries development (2,4), root canal infections, and chronic, suppurative infections in the cervicofacial, thoracic, and abdominopelvic regions and in the central nervous system (5,27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Statherin Peptide-Binding Epitopes of Commensal and Potentially Infectious Actinomyces spp. Delineated by a Hybrid Peptide Construct

Niemi

Johansson

2004

Infect Immun

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Adhesion of microorganisms to host receptor molecules such as salivary statherin molecules is a common event in oral microbial colonization. Here we used a hybrid peptide construct (with both a hydroxyapatitebinding portion and a test peptide portion) to map the interaction of Actinomyces species (and Candida albicans) with statherin. Adhesion to hybrid peptides and truncated statherin variants revealed three binding types, types I to III. (i) Type I strains of rat, hamster, and human infection origins bound C-terminal-derived QQYTF and PYQPQY peptides. The QQYTF peptide inhibited statherin binding for some strains but not for others.(ii) Type II strains of human and monkey tooth origins bound middle-region-derived YQPVPE and QPLYPQ peptides. Neither strain was inhibited by soluble peptides. (iii) Type III strains of human infection origins (and C. albicans) did not bind to either statherin-derived peptides or truncated statherin. Moreover, the type I strains inhibited by QQYTF were also inhibited by TF and QAATF peptides and were detached from statherin by the same peptides. In conclusion, it is suggested that commensal and potentially infectious microorganisms bind middle or C-terminal statherin differently and that other microbes might require discontinuous epitopes.

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The Isolation of Actinomyces naeslundii from Sound Root Surfaces and Root Carious Lesions

Cited by 44 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of the Environment on Genotypic Diversity of Actinomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus oralis in the Oral Biofilm

Effect of the Environment on Genotypic Diversity of Actinomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus oralis in the Oral Biofilm

Dental Caries: A Microbiological Approach

Salivary Statherin Peptide-Binding Epitopes of Commensal and Potentially Infectious Actinomyces spp. Delineated by a Hybrid Peptide Construct

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