The IT2 Survey: contextual knowledge (XK) influences on teacher candidates’ intention to integrate technology

Abstract

Prior to this study, a testable model for the influence of contextual knowledge (XK) on teacher candidates’ intention to integrate technology into classroom instruction had not been established. We applied the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) to aid us in this effort. Our work (a) provided a theoretical conceptualization for factors of XK through application of the DTPB, (b) represented the synergistic effects among these factors, and (c) allowed us to explore their influences on teacher candidates’ intentions to teach with technology. To assess our model, which includes factors such as teacher candidates’ beliefs, attitudes, and efficacy, we developed an instrument, the Intention to Teach with Technology (IT 2 ) Survey. Results from the structural equation model of the survey data indicated our model fit the data very well and readily accounted for various XK factors, the relations among these factors, and their influence on teacher candidates’ intentions to integrate technology into teaching. Given the complexity of the context in any teaching situation, its relation to and influence on technology integration, and the previously limited examination of context in research and teacher development, the results indicate the proposed model is quite plausible, accounting for 75% of the variation in intention. The study demonstrates the IT 2 Survey is an effective instrument to examine factors associated with XK and their influences on technology integration. Our work extends theory about technology integration by including XK and has implications for researchers as well as practitioners who seek to advance technology integration in preparation programs.

UTAUT Model in Teaching Biology: Structural Equation Modeling

“…A survey is a method used to gather information regarding people's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. It enables the collection of data to describe, compare, or explain various aspects of human behavior (Foulger et al, 2021;Geldsetzer, 2020). The research was conducted for teachers in teaching Biology.…”

Pedagogical models focused on the integration of ICT in basic education: A systematic review

“…2 Application of specific knowledge of Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (KAMINSKI ET.AL., 2019). 3 Process of generating ideas in a multidisciplinary group with a focus on problem-solving [5].…”

“…Finally, they reported that traditional teaching methods had lost attention and wanted novelties that they could use when they became teachers. Foulger et al [5] present a form called IT2 (Teach with Technology) Survey. They demonstrate the tool as an effective instrument to examine factors associated with contextual knowledge and their influence on technology integration.…”

Technology Infusion in Teacher Preparation

“…Figure 1 (Mishra & Koehler, 2006;Koehler & Mishra, 2009). Notably, a study on technology-infused coursework revealed that the infused approach successfully nurtured teacher candidates' TPACK development, and that infused learning experiences also instilled in candidates a forward-looking perspective and an interest in integrating technology into their future classrooms (Foulger et al, 2021). Preparation programs that adopt an infusion model should recognize that effective implementation of a program-wide effort to address technology content will require teacher education instructors and PK-12 mentor teachers involved have the knowledge and skills (Foulger et al, 2017) to actively contribute to fostering candidates' TPACK and help candidates establish teaching with technology as an ongoing professional growth opportunity.…”