The Italian version of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS): psychometric and normative characteristics from a normal aged population

Fioravanti, Mario; Nacca, Daniele; Buckley, Ann E.; Ferrario, E.; Varetto, O.; Mogni, Paola; Fabris, Fabrizio

doi:10.1016/0167-4943(94)90022-1

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Progression of cognitive decline was investigated by means of the validated Italian versions of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and AD Assessment Scale for Cognition (ADAS-Cog) 15,16 performed at entry and at the end of the follow-up period. Neuropsychological assessment was performed by a trained neuropsychologist who was blinded to the results of hemodynamics evaluations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Cognitive Decline in Patients With Alzheimer Disease

Silvestrini

Pasqualetti

Baruffaldi

et al. 2006

Stroke

252

194

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Background and Purpose-The aim of this study was to explore the possible contribution of alterations in cerebral hemodynamics to the evolution of cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Method-Fifty-three patients with AD were investigated. The evolution of cognitive decline over 12 months was evaluated by means of changes in Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and AD Assessment Scale for Cognition (ADAS-Cog) scores. Demographic characteristics, vascular risk profile, pharmacological treatment, and presence of white matter lesions were assessed at entry. Further, a basal evaluation of cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia was measured with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography using the breath-holding index (BHI). Results-Of all the variables considered, both MMSE and ADAS-Cog changes had the highest correlation with BHI, followed by age and diabetes. After subdividing both cognitive measures reductions into bigger and smaller-thanaverage decline (2 points for MMSE; 5 points for ADAS-Cog), multiple logistic regression indicated BHI as the sole significant predictor of cognitive decline. Conclusions-These results show an association between impaired cerebral microvessels functionality and unfavorable evolution of cognitive function in patients with AD. Further research is needed to fully establish whether altered cerebral hemodynamics may be considered an independent factor in sustaining cognitive decline progression or an effect of pathological processes involved in AD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Cognitive Decline in Patients With Alzheimer Disease

Silvestrini

Pasqualetti

Baruffaldi

et al. 2006

Stroke

252

194

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“…To be eligible for the study, all participants had to meet the adapted operational criteria for MCI (MCI-R) [4] including: (1) presence of a cognitive complaint from either the subject and/ or a family member; (2) absence of dementia, as determined by a clinician's judgment based on a structured interview with the patient and an informant (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale; CDR) [10] and a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) [11] score greater than or equal to 24 [the clinician also had access to the results of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive part (ADAS-Cog) [12] but no cutoff score on the ADAS-Cog was required for study entry]; (3) change (number of functions lost) from normal functioning evaluated with the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) [13] and Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) scales [14] ; (4) decline in any area of cognitive functioning; (5) preserved overall general functioning but possibly with increasing difficulty in the performance of activities of daily living, and (6) objective impairment in at least 1 of 4 cognitive domains (memory, attention, language, visuospatial) based on the performance on the neuropsychological test battery, using a cutoff of 1.5 SD for a domain score with normative corrections for age, years of education, and sex.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Amnestic and Nonamnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Rozzini

Chilovi

Conti

et al. 2007

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background: The information regarding neuropsychiatric symptoms in the subtypes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is inadequate. Objective: To describe the behavioral neuropsychiatric symptoms of MCI in two subgroups of MCI patients with different neuropsychological characteristics. Methods: MCI patients are classified as amnestic (aMCI) if they have a prominent memory impairment, either alone or with other cognitive impairments (multiple domains with amnesia), or nonamnestic (naMCI) if a single nonmemory domain is impaired alone or in combination with other nonmemory deficits (multiple domains without amnesia). The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was administrated to detect behavioral and psychological disturbances observed by the caregiver. Results: 120 subjects were analyzed: 94 were classified as aMCI and 26 as naMCI. Subjects with aMCI were more compromised than those with naMCI on global cognitive functions. About 85% of MCI patients had some neuropsychiatric symptoms evaluated with the NPI and the most prevalent symptom was depression, followed by anxiety. A significantly higher prevalence of hallucinations and sleep disorders has been observed in the naMCI group in comparison with the aMCI group. Conclusion: Neuropsychiatric symptoms occur in the majority of persons with MCI and may be the earliest manifestation of different diseases, each one associated with different clinical profiles at the stage of MCI.

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“…Neuropsychological assessment included standardised tests for the evaluation of global cognition, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) [18] and Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog 11 items) [19] , and cognitive functions: (i) memory: immediate and delayed recall of a word's list (Rey's word list) [20,21] ; immediate and delayed recall of a paragraph (Novelli's short story) [22] ; delayed recall of a complex figure (Rey-Osterrieth's complex figure) [23,24] ; (ii) visuo-spatial and construction abilities (Rey-Osterrieth's complex figure copy, clock drawing) [23][24][25] ; (iii) problem solving, visuo-spatial abilities (Raven's coloured matrices) [21,26] ; (iv) verbal fluency (phonological and semantic fluency) [21,27,28] ; (v) attention, psycho-motor speed, visual search abilities (Trail Making A, B) [29,30] .…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Impact of Apathy and Depression in the Development of Dementia in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients

Chilovi

Conti

Zanetti

et al. 2009

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

108

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Background and Aims: Neuropsychiatric symptoms may accompany mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and assist in identifying incipient dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of apathy and depression in the conversion to dementia among MCI subjects. Methods: 124 MCI outpatients were investigated. Diagnosis of apathy and depression was based on clinical criteria. The main endpoint was the development of dementia within 2 years from the enrolment. Results: 50 (40.3%) subjects were classified as MCI normal, 38 (30.7%) as MCI depressed, 21 (16.9%) as MCI depressed-apathetic and 15 (12.1%) as apathetic. The rates of conversion were 24% for MCI normal, 7.9% for MCI depressed, 19% for MCI depressed-apathetic and 60% for MCI apathetic. Diagnosis of apathy was a risk factor for conversion apart from age, functional and cognitive status at baseline (OR = 7.07; 95% CI 1.9–25.1; p = 0.003). In contrast, MCI depressed subjectshad a reduced risk of conversion (OR = 0.10; 95% CI 0.02–0.4; p = 0.001). Conclusion: These findings argue for a differential role of apathy and depression in the development of dementia, and suggest the need of dissecting in MCI patients apathy and depression symptoms in the reading of mood disorders.

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The Italian version of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS): psychometric and normative characteristics from a normal aged population

Cited by 31 publications

References 18 publications

Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Cognitive Decline in Patients With Alzheimer Disease

Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Cognitive Decline in Patients With Alzheimer Disease

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Amnestic and Nonamnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Differential Impact of Apathy and Depression in the Development of Dementia in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients

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