The Java margin revisited: Evidence for subduction erosion off Java

Kopp, Heidrun; Flueh, Ernst R.; Petersen, Carl Jörg; Weinrebe, Wilhelm; Wittwer, Andreas; Scientists, Meramex

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.036

Cited by 87 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Off eastern Java the Roo Rise, elevated about 1500 m above surrounding sea floor, is recently subducting and causing frontal erosion of the accretionary wedge (Kopp et al 2006). Further east the Java trench morphology is rugged and controlled by normal faulting of the oceanic crust with horst and graben structures along the outer trench wall.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the position of slide A, basin slopes have been possibly steepened due to the subduction of a seamount located on the oceanic plate (Masson et al 1990; Kopp et al 2006). Concerning the other five events at the slope toe in the trench, oversteepening can be attributed to tectonic erosion (Kopp et al 2006). For slopes close to failure, even a comparatively small earthquake is sufficient to induce a landslide.…”

Section: Simpson 2005)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Submarine landslides at the eastern Sunda margin: observations and tsunami impact assessment

et al. 2009

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Our analysis of new bathymetric data reveals six submarine landslides at the eastern Sunda margin between central Java and Sumba Island, Indonesia. Their volumes range between 1 km³ in the Java fore-arc basin up to 20 km³ at the trench off Sumba and Sumbawa. We estimate the potential hazard of each event by modeling the corresponding tsunami and its run-up on nearby coasts. Four slides are situated remarkably close to the epicenter of the 1977 tsunamigenic Sumba M w =8.3 earthquake. However, comparison of documented tsunami run-up heights and arrival times with our modeling results neither allows us to confirm nor to decline the hypothesis that the earthquake triggered these submarine landslides.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simpson 2005)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Submarine landslides at the eastern Sunda margin: observations and tsunami impact assessment

et al. 2009

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“…This is due to the fact that the main sediment supply in this region is derived from the Bengal fan (Curray et al, 2003). With less sediment supply in larger distance to the fan, the size of the accretionary prism decreases steadily to the southeast, so that the Java Trench does not contain any sediment fill along extensive distances (Kopp et al, 2006). An important mechanical factor for landsliding is the inclination of the submarine slope.…”

Section: Landslide Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Clift and Vannucchi (2004), the Sumatra Trench clearly belongs to the accretionary regime, with an estimated mean forearc slope angle of 1.4 • for the Sumatra segment. The Java Trench, on the other side, exhibits features of tectonic erosion (Kopp et al, 2006) and the averaged forearc slope angle is 4 • off Central Java. This could be the main reason for the large slide volumes at the Java Trench: Steep slopes that are locally further oversteepened by the mechanism of subduction erosion might eventually fail in large catastrophic events comparable to those exhibited off Sumba Island.…”

Section: Landslide Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landslide tsunami hazard in the Indonesian Sunda Arc

Brune

Babeyko

Ladage

et al. 2010

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The Indonesian archipelago is known for the occurrence of catastrophic earthquake-generated tsunamis along the Sunda Arc. The tsunami hazard associated with submarine landslides however has not been fully addressed. In this paper, we compile the known tsunamigenic events where landslide involvement is certain and summarize the properties of published landslides that were identified with geophysical methods. We depict novel mass movements, found in newly available bathymetry, and determine their key parameters. Using numerical modeling, we compute possible tsunami scenarios. Furthermore, we propose a way of identifying landslide tsunamis using an array of few buoys with bottom pressure units.

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Forearc structure and morphology along the Sumatra‐Andaman subduction zone

McNeill

Henstock

2014

Tectonics

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The Sunda subduction margin, the location of recent magnitude 8-9 megathrust earthquakes, is characterized by major changes in prism and forearc morphology and structure along its 5000 km length. On the Sumatra-Andaman section, measurements of prism width and surface slope (α) indicate along-strike segments, inclu1ding abrupt changes, of prism morphology: (1) a narrow and steep prism between Burma and the Andamans; (2) broad with an averaged gentle slope in the Andamans, Nicobars, and North Sumatra; (3) steep and narrow in Central Sumatra; and (4) wider and less steep offshore South Sumatra, decreasing in width to West Java. Prism width varies from~90 to 180 km and average surface slope from~1 to 3°with a strong inverse correlation between width and slope, also observed globally. The prism deviates from typical taper geometry in parts of the margin, notably offshore North Sumatra where it is characterized by a steep toe and broad plateau. Along-strike changes in morphology are strongly linked to input sediment thickness. Sections of the prism toe represent key global examples of unusual landward vergent thrusting. These sections correspond to a thick sediment input and to a wide prism with shallow surface slope. A low basal shear stress or backstop mechanism may drive this style of faulting. Prism morphology and structure appear to be driven predominantly by input sediment thickness linked to oceanic basement topography, with sediment properties, plate smoothness, and orthogonal subduction rate and obliquity also contributing, and no clear role of plate age or dip.

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The Java margin revisited: Evidence for subduction erosion off Java

Cited by 87 publications

References 36 publications

Submarine landslides at the eastern Sunda margin: observations and tsunami impact assessment

Submarine landslides at the eastern Sunda margin: observations and tsunami impact assessment

Landslide tsunami hazard in the Indonesian Sunda Arc

Forearc structure and morphology along the Sumatra‐Andaman subduction zone

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