The jet feedback mechanism (JFM): From supernovae to clusters of galaxies

Abstract

We study the similarities of jet-medium interactions in several quite different astrophysical systems using 2D and 3D hydrodynamical numerical simulations, and find many similarities. The systems include cooling flow (CF) clusters of galaxies, core collapse supernovae (CCSNe), planetary nebulae (PNe), and common envelope (CE) evolution. The similarities include hot bubbles inflated by jets in a bipolar structure, vortices on the sides of the jets, vortices inside the inflated bubbles, fragmentation of bubbles to two and more bubbles, and buoyancy of bubbles. The activity in many cases is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism. In CF clusters we find that heating of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) is done by mixing hot shocked jet gas with the ICM, and not by shocks. Our results strengthen the jet feedback mechanism (JFM) as a common process in many astrophysical objects.

Hitomi observations of Perseus support heating by mixing

“…Vortices that are induced by the jets and the jet-inflated bubbles play a crucial role in the interaction of the jets with the ICM (Soker et al 2013). In particular, they lead to mixing of hot bubble gas with the ICM.…”

Gentle Heating by Mixing in Cooling Flow Clusters

“…crucial role in heating the ICM and in determining the properties of the feedback cycle, not only in cooling flows, but in other environments as well (Soker et al 2013;Soker 2016). To obtain these vortices the numerical simulations must include propagating jets that start from the center.…”

The Roles of Jets: CF, CCSN, PN, CEE, GEE, ILOT

“…This is an updated version of the list presented by Soker et al (2013). I do not list objects where jets typically do not inflate bubbles.…”

“…Acronym: BH: black hole; CCSNe: core collapse supernovae; CEE: common envelope evolution; CFs: cooling flows; GEE: grazing envelope evolution; ICM: intra-cluster medium; ILOT: intermediate luminosity optical transient; LBV: luminous blue variable; MS: main sequence star; NS: neutron star; PNe: planetary nebulae; SMBH: super massive BH. Table 1 that is based on the one presented by Soker et al (2013), presents the groups of objects that were claimed to have jet-inflated bubbles. Detail comparison of morphologies is conducted by Soker et al (2013).…”

“…Table 1 that is based on the one presented by Soker et al (2013), presents the groups of objects that were claimed to have jet-inflated bubbles. Detail comparison of morphologies is conducted by Soker et al (2013). The table is updated with the groups of grazing envelope evolution (GEE; Soker 2015), and that of intermediate luminosity optical transients (ILOTs) that were added by Kashi & Soker (2015) to the groups of objects where the JFM operates.…”