“…More recent developments in the field of EM OFDI are very 'different' compared to the traditional OFDI flows from developed markets. Focusing on the 'newness' or 'difference', there have been discussions on (1) theoretical framework within which this new phenomenon can be explained in terms of whether new theories are needed or new applications of conventional theories are justified (e.g., Mathews, 2006;Luo and Tung, 2007;Peng et al, 2008; Ramamurti and Avenue, 2008;Tolentino, 2012;He and Fallon, 2013), (2) the characteristics of EM MNEs which carry out OFDI in terms of their motivations, strategies, type of FDI (e.g., Makino et al, 2002;Mathews, 2006;Luo and Tung, 2007;Dunning et al, 2008;Gammeltoft, 2008;Ramamurti and Avenue, 2008 ;Yamakawa et al, 2008;Alon, 2010;Holtbrugge and Kreppel, 2012;Contractor, 2013;Dikova et al, 2016) and, related to (2), (3) both the endogenous and exogenous background which influence EM MNEs' behaviour regarding OFDI decisions (Mathews, 2006;Luo and Tung, 2007;Buckley et al, 2008;Dunning et al, 2008;Yamakawa et al, 2008;Ning and Sutherland, 2012;Tolentino, 2012;Wang et al, 2012;Dikova et al, 2016;Padilla-Perez and Nogueira, 2016). More recently, some studies have started to consider the 'post-investment' stage of EM OFDI, such as EM MNEs' performance in the host (Gubbi et al, 2010;Buckley, et al, 2014;Sanfilippo, 2015;Yuan and Pangarkar, 2015).…”